云南拉市海流域退耕还湿对农户的增收效应

基于云南拉市海流域2005~2016年的农户面板数据，采用双重差分法（DID）并借助PSM-DID、工具变量、安慰剂测试等多种稳健性检验工具，对退耕还湿的增收效应进行实证分析.研究发现，退耕还湿对农户增收具有显著的促进作用，使家庭总收入和人均收入分别提高了39.2%和43.5%，这一结论在进行多项稳健性检验后仍然成立；退耕还湿有效改善了农户收入结构，退耕还湿补贴等转移性收入和生态旅游等非农就业共同构成农户增收的主要来源；退耕还湿的增收效应存在明显的异质性.一方面，退耕还湿对非贫困户的增收效应明显强于贫困户，可能存在拉大农村内部收入不平等的风险；另一方面，社会资本有助于农户增收，村民之间的信息共享和普遍信任提高了退耕还湿的增收效应.

Rural households income-enhancing effect of wetland restoration based on the Lashihai watershed,Yunnan

Using household level panel data in the Lashihai watershed in Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2016, this paper exploits the Difference-in-Differences (DID) model, Propensity Score Matching (PSM)-DID approach and placebo test to empirically investigate the income-enhancing effect of wetland restoration for local residents. The results suggest that wetland restoration has had a significant positive impact on households' income growth, raising total and per capita income by 39.2% and 43.5% respectively. Such findings are valid through multiple robustness tests. Wetland restoration has effectively improved the income structure such that the income growth stems mainly from government transfer like subsidies for wetland restoration and off-farm employment such as ecotourism. The income-enhancing effects of wetland restoration are heterogenous. On the one hand, the effect is significantly stronger for non-poverty households than for poverty households, and thus there may be a risk of enlarging income inequality within rural communities; on the other hand, social capital within rural communities such as information sharing and general trust improved the income-enhancing effect of wetland restoration.