微塑料影响抗性基因的传播与水平基因转移

微塑料作为一种新兴污染物，在多种环境介质（大气、土壤、水体、沉积物）中均有广泛检出.微塑料能够通过表面形成的生物膜结构携带抗性基因，对人体健康造成的潜在风险已经引起了国内外学者的广泛关注.但是，微塑料在抗性基因的长距离传播以及水平转移方面所发挥的功能，以及微塑料传播耐药性所导致的生态与环境效应还尚不明晰.本文重点对不同环境中的微塑料与抗性基因的污染现状进行了综述讨论，对微塑料传播抗性基因的主要方式与过程进行了对比分析，最后概述了微塑料参与调控抗性基因水平转移的机制，并对未来相关研究的重点方向进行了展望，以促进微塑料污染问题的科学解决.

Effects of microplastics on the spread and horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes

As an emerging pollutant, microplastics are ubiquitous in different types of environments. The antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) carried by microplastic biofilms have adverse effects on human health, which has aroused wide concerns. However, the role of microplastics in the process of long migration and horizontal gene transfer of ARGs is still not clear. The environmental impacts of the resistance dissemination caused by microplastics also need further investigation. The current status of microplastic pollutants and the ARGs they carry was summarized. The pathways by which microplastics spread ARGs and the regulation of ARG transfer via microplastics are also compared and discussed. Future research perspectives are proposed to provide possible approaches for solving the problem of antibiotic resistance dissemination by microplastics.