双氰胺、氢醌与含磷添加剂联合使用对堆肥温室气体排放的影响

为实现堆肥过程N₂O、CH₄和NH₃的同步减排，在双氰胺和氢醌的基础上进一步研究磷石膏和过磷酸钙添加对猪粪堆肥温室气体和NH₃排放的影响.以猪粪和玉米秸秆为堆肥原料，设置3个堆肥处理：只添加双氰胺和氢醌（HD）、添加双氰胺、氢醌和磷石膏（HD+P）和添加双氰胺、氢醌和过磷酸钙（HD+S），在60L的发酵罐中进行40d的堆肥实验.结果表明：在双氰胺和氢醌的基础上添加磷石膏和过磷酸钙可提高堆肥腐熟度，降低碳（7.58%~11.33%）和氮（25.03%~33.42%）的损失.3种添加剂联用可同步减少15.21%~16.91% NH₃和23.75%~38.30% CH₄排放，主要是由于含磷添加剂较低的pH值和磷酸成分，可以固定铵态氮，减少NH₃排放，同时硫酸离子会抑制产甲烷菌活性进而降低CH₄排放.在双氰胺和氢醌降低N₂O排放基础上，添加含磷添加剂会增加0.14%~20.57% N₂O排放，总温室效应降低7.60%~24.30%，其中双氰胺、氢醌和磷石膏处理总温室气体减排效果最佳.

Effects of dicyandiamide,hydroquinone and phosphorus additives on greenhouse gas emissions during composting

In order to reduce the emission of N₂O, CH₄ and NH₃ simultaneously during composting, this study explored the effects of phosphogypsum (PG) and superphosphate (SP) on NH₃ andgreenhouse gases emissions based on the dicyandiamide (DCD) and hydroquinone (HR) addition during pig manure composting. Pig manure and cornstalks were used and mixed as raw materials, and three treatments were carried out for 40days in the 60L composting vessel. In the HD treatment, DCD and HR were added; for the HD+P and HD+S treatment, the PG and SP were added together, separately, on the basis of DCD and HR addition. The results showed that the phosphorus additives amendment promoted the compost maturity and reduced carbon (7.58%~11.33%) and nitrogen losses (25.03%~33.42%) based on the addition of dicyandiamide and hydroquinone. The combined use of those additives could reduce NH₃ emission by 15.21%~16.91% and CH₄ emission by 23.75%~38.30%, while increased N₂O emissions by 0.14%~20.57%. The phosphorus-containing additives could fix ammonium nitrogen and reduce NH₃ emissions due to its lower pH and phosphoric acid. At the same time, the CH₄ emissions was reduced by sulfuric acid ions through inhibiting the methanogens activity. In general, adding dicyandiamide, hydroquinone and phosphorus simultaneously decreased the total greenhouse emission of 7.60%~24.30%, and the HD+P treatment had the best performance in greenhouse gas emissions during composting.