城市综合交通枢纽内消防“准安全区”设置原则和评估流程研究

由于使用功能的需要,综合交通枢纽中的交通换乘大厅常设计为高大空间结构。在实际工程中,该类高大空间建筑部位超出了现行防火规范关于防火分区面积和安全疏散距离的要求,通常采用性能化方法进行评估,在性能化评估中一般采用"准安全区"的理念。目前,"准安全区"的火灾安全仅依靠性能参数的比较论证,没有较为统一的设计准则。从不同的净空高度出发,综合考虑自然排烟口面积占地板面积的比例、相邻自然排烟口的间距和单个自然排烟口的面积等多种因素影响下的综合交通枢纽换乘大厅作为"准安全区"的设计要求,提出了"准安全区"设计原则和评估流程,研究成果可直接用于综合交通枢纽换乘大厅的设计与评估中,并对类似建筑具有指导意义。

Studies on Setting Principles and Assessment Process of quasi-safety Zone about Firefighting in Urban Integrated Transport Hub

For needs of practical functions,the transfer hall in integrated transport hub is often designed as a large space structure,which is usually designed as a Quasi-Safety Zone,because it is beyond the requirements concerning areas of fire district and distance of fire safety evacuation in fire codes.However,currently the fire safety of Quasi-Safety Zone is mainly testified by performance-based fire prevention method with no more uniform design criteria.In this paper,for different heights of headroom,ratios of areas of natural exhaust openings to floor area,adjacent distance,and single opening area were extensively considered to achieve the design requirements of transfer hall as a Quasi-Safety Zone.The design principles and assessment process were proposed.The research results can be directly used for fire design and evaluation in integrated transport hub and similar structures.