上海市14个氟污染源的环境质量评价及其控制途径

通过对上海市14个主要氟污染源周围的大气、河水、土壤和植物含氟量的监测,用序列综合法计算出合理的权值,再根据一定的指数范围进行质量分级,然后用环境质量综合评价图比较出各氟污染源对周围环境的影响程度。证明生产氟里昂的化工厂污染最严重,钢铁厂和瓷釉厂次之,玻璃厂更次之,磷肥厂最轻;砖瓦厂则因厂而异,有的轻微,有的严重。各类氟污染源的控制途径需因地制宜,大致可分为搬迁、治理、转产、改革工艺、改善农业布局和加强环境管理等几个方面。

Environmental Quality Assessment and Countermeasures for Pollution Control, Fluoring Pollution Sources in Shanghai

Fluorine contents of atmosphere, river water, soil, and plants were surveyed in the surrounding areas of fourteen major fluorine pollution sources in Shanghai. All the data obtained from the survey were treated with statistical method, the reasonable weighted values calculated based on the serial complex method, and the environmental quality was classified according to the index range. By using the figure of comprehensive assessment of environmental quality, the extent of influence of each major pollution source on its surrounding area were evaluated. The results show that the sequence of the extent of pollution of the sources are freon-producing chemical works, iron and steel works and enamel ware factory, glass factory, and phosphorus fertilizer works with the last one having mildest environmental impacts. As for the brick and tile factories, some had severe and some had mild influence on their surrounding environment. Therefore, the counter measures for pollution control for each pollutionsource should be varied according to its own pollution conditions. These counter measures include moving the factory away, stopping the manufacture of old product, reducing the amount of pollutants, reforming production processes, en-forcing environmental management, and improving the distribution of agriculture.