硫丹的环境行为及水生态毒理效应研究进展

有机氯农药硫丹作为一种典型的持久性有机污染物(POPs)曾广泛应用于农业生产,我国曾大量使用。硫丹作为一种重要的污染物通过地表径流、淋、溶、干/湿沉降等方式进入水体,在直接影响大型水生植物和浮游藻类的同时,给鱼类等水生动物也带来了一定的毒性效应。由于其半衰期较长、迁移能力强、富集性高,在水体环境中已普遍检测出硫丹的存在,因此,对硫丹的水生生态安全性评价显得十分重要。硫丹对水生生物具有高毒性,它可影响生物正常受体配体作用、损伤生物膜、影响活性氧代谢并具有潜在的内分泌干扰作用。本文介绍了硫丹的环境行为效应,并综述了硫丹对水生生物的毒性及几种致毒机制,展望了该领域今后的研究重点和方向。

Research Progress in the Environmental Behavior and Water Ecotoxicological Effects of Endosulfan

As a typical persistent organic pollutants, endosulfan, the organochlorine pesticide, has been widely used in agricultural production in China. Endosulfan could go into the water envronment through the surface runoff, leaching and wet/dry deposition, which will have a direct impact on aquatic macroohytes and planktonic algae, and produce a certain amount of toxic effects on fish and other aquatic animals as well. Because of its longer half-life period, better migration abilities and higher enrichment, endosulfan could be detectable widely in the water body, herein the safety evaluation of endosulfan in the aquatic ecosystem is very important. Endosulfan is so highly-toxic to aquatic organisms that it could have influences on normally of biological receptor-ligand function, membrane damage, active oxygen metabolism and have a potential role of endocrine disruption. The environmental behavior effects and several toxic mechanisms of endosulfan on aquatic organisms will be reviewed, and the future prospects in this filed will be also discussed.