用于水产养殖的微生态制剂的研究和应用进展

随着人们对水产养殖可持续发展的需求不断提高,微生态制剂在其中的应用也越来越广泛.本文综述了近年来国内外应用于水产养殖中的各种微生态制剂的研究及应用情况.从提高水产动物生长性能、改善免疫特性和改善养殖环境等方面总结了微生态制剂中主要益生菌、益生元及合生素等在水产养殖中的应用.同时概述了微生态制剂的安全性问题.对微生态制剂的生产与应用中存在的问题进行了讨论,提出选育优良生产菌株、优化改良生产工艺并加强对水产动物自身肠道菌群、添加剂和环境之间的关系研究有利于促进微生态制剂的生产和应用.

Advance in Research and Application of Microbial Ecological Agent in Aquaculture

The microbial ecological agent(MEA) is widely applied in aquaculture as the rising demand of sustainable development.The recent study and application of MEA in aquaculture are reviewed.There are three kinds of MEA: Probitics,prebiotics and synbiotics.Probitics,which is the mixture of microbes and their products,are applied in aquaculture for disease control and partially replacing antibiotics.Prebiotic is a non-digestible food ingredient and can stimulate the growth of aquatic animals,limit the number of bacteria in host and improve the health of host in aquaculture.Synbiotic contains both probiotics and prebiotics,which will improve the survival and implantation of selected microorganisms and benefit the host in aquaculture.Their effects on increasing the growth of aquatic animals,improving their immune characteristics and ecological environment are summarized.The bio-safety of MEA is discussed and should be paid much attention.The issues in the production and application of MEA are also discussed,and the future researches on MEA are proposed,including strain breeding,process improvement and ecological relationship between the intestinal microorganisms of aquatic animals,additives and environment.