Restricted autumn grazing to reduce nitrous oxide emissions from dairy pastures in Southland,New Zealand |
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| Institution: | 1. AgResearch, Invermay, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel, New Zealand;2. AgResearch, Woodlands, New Zealand;1. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, PR China;2. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany;3. College of Earth Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China;1. Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China;2. Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;3. CAS Center of Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Beijing 100101, China;4. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy, School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia;2. Department of Economics, Waikato Management School, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand;3. DairyNZ, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;1. AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. China–Australia Centre for Sustainable Urban Development, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;4. Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, China-Australia Centre for Sustainable Urban Development, Tianjin 300072, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Tiantong National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;4. Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;5. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;6. Soil Biology and Molecular Ecology Group, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, Australia;1. AgResearch Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand;2. AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;3. AgResearch Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand;4. Landcare Research, Private Bag 11052, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;5. Ministry of Primary Industries, PO Box 2526, Wellington, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | Animal excreta deposited on pasture during grazing represent the single largest source of N2O emissions in New Zealand. These emissions are highest when pastures are grazed during the wet autumn/winter season. The strategic use of a feed pad on dairy farms could restrict the amount of excreta N returned to pasture during this time of year, and thus reduce N2O emissions and other environmental losses. The effect of restricting autumn grazing to 3 h per day on N2O emissions and NO3 leaching losses was measured in a 3-year field study. Nitrous oxide emissions were measured weekly between April and September using a soil cover methodology. Nitrate leaching losses were measured from the NO3 concentration of drainage water that was collected from the hydrologically isolated and artificially drained field plots. Restricted autumn grazing reduced both N2O emissions and NO3 leaching losses from grazed pasture by about 40%. The effect of this grazing regime on total on-farm N2O emissions was estimated using the field measurements and the New Zealand IPCC inventory methodology. These calculations indicated that restricted autumn grazing could reduce direct and indirect on-farm N2O emissions by 7–11%, and could thus be an effective tool for reducing N2O emissions, while also reducing NO3 leaching losses, and preventing soil and sward damage. The study further highlighted that the currently used IPCC inventory methodology cannot easily account for reductions in national N2O emission following adoption of N2O mitigation strategies. It also reinforced the need for assessing the impact of mitigation strategies at a whole farm level. |
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