中韩扬尘污染防治法规及政策对比研究

系统对比分析了中国(未涉及港澳台,全文同)和韩国扬尘污染治理的法律体系、质量标准以及管理办法。结果表明:韩国早于中国出台了大气污染防治的相关法律,且空气质量标准中的具体限值也更加严格。在中国,针对扬尘污染进一步细化的法规政策或管理办法均由地方政府负责制定并实施,而韩国的地方政府则全部依照韩国环境部制定的政策开展监管工作。因此,中国的扬尘政策相对灵活,针对重点区域可以适时地出台一些防治计划或政策。以北京市和辽宁省为例,比较了中、韩两国针对扬尘污染的具体控制措施。与韩国的政策相比,中国的扬尘污染管理办法中一些量化的规定仍不够详尽,还存在较大的改进空间,但一些先进管控手段的运用则十分值得推广。

Comparison study on regulations and policies of fugitive dust prevention and control between China and Korea

The legal system, quality standards and management methods for the fugitive dust control in China mainland and Korea were systematically analyzed. The result shows that Korea has introduced relevant laws on air pollution control much earlier compared with China, and specific limits of air quality standards are more stringent in Korea. In China, regulations and policies on fugitive dust pollution are developed and implemented by local governments, while in Korea, local governments conduct supervisory work in complete compliance with the policies formulated by the Ministry of Environment of Korea. Therefore, fugitive dust policies in China are relatively flexible, and in some key areas in China, prevention programs or policies are able to be issued at appropriate time. Beijing and Liaoning Province in China were chosen as examples to perform comparative analysis between China and Korea. Compared with Korean policies, fugitive dust pollution management measures in China lack detailed quantitative provisions, which still need to be further improved. However, some advanced control measures released by Chinese government are worth to be popularized.