黄浦江上游水源地水环境演变规律及其影响因素研究

黄浦江上游是上海市最主要的饮用水源地,近年来虽然保护力度不断加大,但水源水质并未得到显著改善。该文通过对近17年黄浦江上游水质监测数据的深入分析,系统探讨了松浦大桥取水口及其上游来水水系水质的空间分异和年际变化规律;并从周边区域发展与江浙来水水质、城市化进程与人口规模、当地经济发展与点源污染、土地利用方式与非点源污染角度诊断当前影响黄浦江上游水源地水环境质量的主要因素;最后从土地利用方式、产业结构调整、经济政策调控、流域环境管理等方面初步构建了黄浦江上游水源地保护的战略方案.

Study on Water Environmental Evolution and Its Influencing Factors in the Headwater Area of the Huangpu River

The upstream of Huangpu River is the main headwater area in Shanghai.Although the protection program of the upstream has been identified recently,the water quality in the source areas did not change better.Based on the monitoring data of the upstream water quality in 1986-2002 and the boundary water quality in 2002,the water quality variance in the intake and upper reaches was discussed.The spatial variations of pollutants were analyzed, and there was significant difference between the water quality of intake and those of upper reaches.The concentrations of the pollutants were also affected by the periodic evolvement.The main factors controlling water environmental quality (regional development and water quality of upper reaches,urbanization and population scale, local economic level and point pollution,land use patterns and non-point pollution)were analyzed.Finally a scheme of source water area protection in the upstream of Huangpu River was established.The water-quality management and landuse planning should be integrated in the upper Huangpu River watershed.The source water area protection program should give priority for financial assistance to high-value,low-environmental-impact activities.The infrastructure improvements and financial assistance should be provided by source water area protection program.Watershed management for water supply in Shanghai,a developing world city should be developed.