人群聚集行为对空气微生物组成及人体健康风险影响分析

受相关疫情的影响,人群聚集行为对空气中微生物的组成及人体健康风险的影响成为研究的热点。以西安两处典型公共场所为观察对象,基于传统培养分离方法和16S rDNA分子生物学技术,结合《中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)》中的相关参数,揭示了人群聚集行为对空气微生物组成的影响,评估了微生物暴露对人体造成的健康风险。结果表明,较之人群聚集前,人群聚集时两个地点的空气微生物污染级别皆由清洁变成中污染。分离培养数据显示:人群聚集时,空气中的细菌种类较人群聚集前增加了11种,真菌种类增加了5种,且微生物菌落颜色、形态、湿润度和生理生化特征等均出现了变动;病原性微生物的种类由2种增加到9种,其中有5种达到了BSL-2级高生物风险,且属于人畜共患病病原菌。健康风险评价结果显示,人群聚集时,人体健康暴露风险系数相比人群聚集前增加了1.28~4.96倍,且男性的暴露风险系数显著高于女性。因此,建议在人群高聚集时段适当限制人流量并保持空间空气流通,以预防潜在传染病的暴发,有效保障人群健康。

Effects of Crowd Gathering Behavior on Microbial Composition and Exposure Risk in Air

Due to the influence of related epidemic,the effect of crowd gathering behavior on the composition of airborne microorganisms and human health risk assessment has become a hot research topic.In this study,two typical public places in Xi''an were observed.Based on the traditional culture separation method and 16S rDNA molecular biology technology,parameters in the Exposure Factors Handbook of Chinese Population (Adults) were extracted to reveal the influence of crowd gathering behavior on microbial composition in the air,and to assess the health risk of microbial exposure to humans.The results showed that,compared with before the crowd gathering,the air microbial pollution level in the two sites changed from clean to moderate pollution;the isolation and culture data showed that the bacterial species and fungal species in the air increased by 11 and 5,respectively,and the color,morphology,wetness,physiological and biochemical characteristics of microorganisms changed;the number of pathogenic microorganisms increased from 2 to 9,and 5 of them were zoonotic pathogens with high biological risk of BSL-2.The results of health risk assessment showed that the risk coefficient of human health exposure increased by 1.28-4.96 times when the crowd gathered,and the exposure risk coefficient of male was significantly higher than that of female.Therefore,it is recommended to properly limit the flow of people and keep the space ventilated during the period of high crowd gathering,which is an effective measure to prevent the outbreak of potential infectious diseases,as well as to effectively protect the health of the population.