Effectiveness of buffer strips in removing pollutants in runoff from a cultivated field in North-East Italy |
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| Institution: | 1. DAFNAE Dept., Padova University, Viale dell''Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;2. Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark;3. Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Campus Ås, Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway;4. Management and Engineering Dept., Padova University, Stradella S. Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy;1. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK;2. Watering van Sint-Truiden, Sint-Truiden, Belgium;3. Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK;4. Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa;5. School of Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, England, UK;1. DISTABIF-Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Campania University ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy;2. SVeB-Department of Life Sciences and Biology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44100 Ferrara, Italy;1. UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;2. Marine Sciences Faculty, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen S/N, Col. Centro, CP 82000 Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico;3. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, CP 80010 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico;4. Facultad de Agronomía, UAS, Carretera Culiacán-El Dorado km 17.5, CP 80000 Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico;5. Comisión Nacional del Agua, Organismo de Cuenca Pacífico Norte, Dirección de Infraestructura Hidroagrícola, Ingeniería de Riego y Drenaje Distrito de Riego 010 Culiacán-Humaya, Mexico;6. UFZ-Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Brueckstrasse 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Buffer strips are an efficient and economical way to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution. Local researches are necessary to gain information on buffer performance, with particular emphasis on narrow buffers. The effect of a 6 m buffer strip (BS) in reducing runoff, suspended solids and nutrients from a field growing maize, winter wheat and soybean was assessed in a field experiment conducted in North-East Italy during 1998–2001. The BS was composed of two rows of regularly alternating trees (Platanus hybrida Brot.) and shrubs (Viburnum opulus L.), with grass (Festuca arundinacea L.) in the inter-rows.The BS reduced total runoff by 78% compared to no-BS, in which cumulative runoff depth was 231 mm over 4 years. With no-BS runoff appeared to be influenced mostly by total rainfall, while with BS maximum rainfall intensity was more important. The filtering effect of the BS reduced total suspended solids (TSS), particularly after the second year, when the median yearly concentrations ranged from 0.28 to 0.99 mg L?1 and were smaller than 0.14 mg L?1, with no-BS and with BS respectively. The combination of lower concentrations and runoff volumes significantly reduced TSS losses from 6.9 to 0.4 t ha?1 over the entire period.A tendency to increased concentrations of all forms of N (total, nitrate and ammonium) while passing through the BS was observed, but total N losses were reduced from 17.3 to 4.5 kg ha?1 in terms of mass balance. On the contrary, P concentrations were unmodified (soluble P), or lowered (total P) by the BS, reducing total losses by about 80%. The effect on total P, composed mainly of sediment-bound forms, was related to particulate settling when passing through the BS.A numerical index (Eutrophic Load Index), integrating water quality and runoff volumes, was created to evaluate the eutrophication risk of runoff with or without the BS. It showed that the BS effect was mostly due to a reduction of runoff volumes rather than improving the overall water quality. |
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