有机紫外吸收剂在珊瑚礁区的污染特征及生态风险评价

有机紫外吸收剂是一类"准持久性"有机污染物,广泛存在于珊瑚礁区的各种环境介质中,并会对珊瑚健康产生威胁。近年来,随着珊瑚礁退化加重,珊瑚礁区有机紫外吸收剂污染问题逐渐受到重视。综述了近年来有机紫外吸收剂在全球不同珊瑚礁区水体、沉积物和珊瑚组织中的污染水平、时空分布特征,并评估了有机紫外吸收剂对珊瑚礁生态系统的危害程度。结果表明,每个海域的有机紫外吸收剂种类及浓度不尽相同,海水中的有机紫外吸收剂浓度总体处于ng/L至mg/L水平,并且近岸海域污染通常高于远岸海域污染,夏季污染通常高于其他季节污染。在二苯酮-1(BP-1)、二苯酮-3(BP-3)、二苯酮-8(BP-8)、对甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯(EHMC)、奥克立林(OC)等5种有机紫外吸收剂中,BP-3对珊瑚具有最大威胁,对88%以上的所调研珊瑚礁的珊瑚具有高生态风险,而BP-1、BP-8、EHMC、OC只在少部分珊瑚礁区对珊瑚具有中低生态风险。

Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Organic Ultraviolet Absorbents in Coral Reef Regions

Organic ultraviolet absorbents (OUVs) are a kind of emerging quasi-persistent organic pollutants which are frequently detected in coral reef regions,posing a threat to corals.In recent years,the pollution of OUVs in coral reefs has received considerable attention accompanying with the serious degradation of coral reefs.In this paper,the concentration and spatial-temporal distribution of OUVs in seawater,sediment and coral tissue in different coral reefs regions were summarized,and the ecological risk of organic ultraviolet absorbents to coral reef ecosystem was assessed.The results showed that the types and concentrations of OUVs detected in each sea area were different,and the overall concentration of OUVs in coral reef regions varied from ng/L to mg/L.Generally,the pollution nearshore was severer than that offshore,and the pollution in summer was severer than that in other seasons.Among the 5 OUVs of benzophenone-1 (BP-1),benzophenone-3 (BP-3),benzophenone-8 (BP-8),octyl 4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC),2-ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-acrylate (OC),BP-3 posed the greatest threat to corals with more than 88% of the investigated coral reefs regions being at high risk.Comparatively,BP-1,BP-8,EHMC and OC only had low or medium risk to corals in several of the investigated coral reef regions.