Predicting the contents of BTEX and MTBE for the three types of tollbooth at a highway toll station via the direct and indirect approaches |
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| Authors: | Perng-Jy Tsai Ching-Chang Lee Mei-Ru Chen Tung-Sheng Shih Ching-Huang Lai Saou-Hsing Liou |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan, ROC;2. Institute of Occupational Safety and Healthy, Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan. 4F, 262, Sec. 2, Ming-Sheng E. Rd., Taipei 104, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, P.O. Box 90048-509, Neu-Hu, Taiwan, ROC;1. Tecnalia, Leonardo da Vinci 11, 01500 Miñano, Spain;2. University of the Basque Country, Alameda de Urquijo s/n, Bilbao 48013, Spain;1. Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China;2. School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. EcoPictures Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. Dong-il Shimadzu Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea;4. Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea;5. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Republic of Korea;6. Ministry of Employment and Labor, Sejong, Republic of Korea;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Química Analítica Fundamental e Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil;1. Institute of Public Health Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 54, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;2. Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;3. Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;4. Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia |
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| Abstract: | This study was set out to assess the contents of five volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including BTEX (the acronym for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) and methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), in three types of tollbooth (including the car lane/ticket-collecting, car lane/cash-collecting, and bus/truck lane tollbooths) at a highway toll station via the direct and indirect approaches. For the direct approach, VOC samples were collected from the breathing zone of booth attendants at all selected tollbooths during the three workshifts. For samples collected during the dayshift, we found VOC contents of BTEX and MTBE in both the car lane/ticket-collecting (=6.23, 21.93, 3.24, 8.56, and 5.63 ppb, respectively) and car lane/cash-collecting tollbooths (=5.98, 21.71, 3.25, 8.59, and 6.04 ppb, respectively) were quite comparable, but both were significantly higher than that in the bus/truck lane tollbooth (=3.13, 13.91, 2.05, 4.52, and 2.70 ppb, respectively). The same pattern can also be found for the other two workshifts. For the indirect approach, we conducted multivariate regression analyses to predict VOC contents for any given type of tollbooth by using the four independent variables of the vehicle flowrate, wind speed, relative humidity, and air temperature. We found that, except the vehicle flowrate, the other three factors did not have a significant effect on VOC contents in the three types of tollbooth. In addition, the magnitudes of the effect of the vehicle flowrate on VOC contents for the three types of tollbooth were: car lane/cash-collecting>bus/truck lane>car lane/ticket-collecting. All regression results yielded R2-values in the range of 0.41−0.74 indicating that the developed indirect approach was able to predict VOC contents for three types of tollbooth. |
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| Keywords: | VOC contents Tollbooth Direct approach Indirect approach |
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