紫茎泽兰入侵过程中生物群落的交互作用

生物入侵在全球范围内影响了生物群落的结构与功能,打破了群落内物种共存的生态格局,继而反馈性影响全球环境。该文就外来杂草紫茎泽兰入侵对生物群落之间交互作用的影响进行了分析。1）紫茎泽兰通过竞争排斥降低了土著植物群落的多样性,造成依赖于土著植物的节肢动物群落减少或丧失适宜的栖息环境。2）打破了土著植物与节肢动物之间相互依存的状态,并通过单优群落优势和强烈化感作用制约天敌昆虫的自然控制作用。3）通过改变地表生境和枯落物种类影响土壤动物群落。4）引起土壤微生物群落组成和功能的变化,改变土壤中可利用资源的形式和数量,影响并重塑了生物种间互作模式,并动态反馈于地面植物群落新格局的形成。分析指出：1）入侵过程中群落之间的交互作用通过多层次生态过程对群落结构与功能的生态改变发挥影响。2）入侵对生物群落的改变所产生的生态驱动反馈性作用于群落互作模式的重塑、群落和生态系统新格局的重建。同时,指出了生物入侵对群落影响的复杂性以及后续研究的方向。

The interaction between biological communities in the process of invasion of Ageratina adenophora

Biological invasion influence the structure and function of biological communities in the global scale, break the ecological pattern of species coexistence, then, feedback to the global environment. This paper reviewed the influence of the foreign weed Ageratina adenophora to the interactions between biological communities in the process of biological invasion. 1） Invasion reduces the diversity of native plant communities through competitive exclusion, then, reduces the suitability habitation environment for arthropod community. 2） Breaks the interdependence state between native plants and arthropod animals, restricts the natural control effect of natural enemies of insects relying on the Ageratina adenophora single dominant community advantages and strong allelopathy. 3） Influences soil animal communities by changing the surface habitat and associated litter. 4） Due to changes in composition and function of soil microbial community, changes the form and quantity of available resources of soils, influences and reshapes the biological species interaction model, dynamic feedbacks to the formation of the new pattern of plant community. Then, the paper analyzed and pointed out： 1） In the process of biological invasion, the interaction effect plays an important role in the ecological change of plant community structure and function by the ecological process of multiple levels. 2） An ecological driving force was produced because of the impact of biological invasion on communities, then, it feedback effect to the remodeling of community interaction patterns and reconstruction of the new pattern of community and ecosystem. The complexity of biological invasion on community impact and future developments about the effects of biological invasion on communities and ecosystem were pointed out.