Aerosol number size distributions within the exhaust plume of a diesel and a gasoline passenger car under on-road conditions and determination of emission factors |
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| Authors: | B Wehner U Uhrner S von Löwis M Zallinger A Wiedensohler |
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| Institution: | 1. Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany;2. Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics, Graz University of Technology, Austria;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Greece;2. Emisia S.A., Antoni Tritsi 21, Service Post 2, Thessaloniki, GR-57001, Greece;3. TNO, STL Group, PO Box 49, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands;4. Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 21A, A-8010 Graz, Austria;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences (FEPS), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;2. Environmental Flow (EnFlo) Research Centre, FEPS, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;1. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Directorate for Energy, Transport and Climate (IETC), Sustainable Transport Unit (STU), Via E Fermi 2749, Ispra, 21027, Italy;2. Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Administration Building, University Campus, PO Box, 458, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece;1. Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;2. Laboratory of Geo-Information Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, Wageningen 6708 PB, The Netherlands;3. Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium;4. Department of Geography, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E6BT, United Kingdom;5. Earth Observations, Climate and Optical Group, National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, United Kingdom;1. Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Center for Advanced Medicine, 17 East 102 St., New York, NY 10029, USA;2. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Landmark Center 4th Floor West, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA;3. College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, 314B Milam Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;4. Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St. T4W, Boston, MA 02118, USA;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;2. Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development, University of Gävle, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | A new setup has been developed and built to measure number size distributions of exhaust particles and thermodynamic parameters under real traffic conditions. Measurements have been performed using a diesel and a gasoline passenger car driving with different speeds and engine conditions. Significant number of nucleation mode particles was found only during high load conditions, i.e. high car and engine speeds behind the diesel car. The number concentration of soot mode particles varied within a factor of two for different engine conditions while the concentration of nucleation mode particles varied up to two orders of magnitude. The results show that roadside measurements are still quite different from those behind the tailpipe. Beside dilution transformation processes within the first meter behind the tailpipe also play an important role, such as nucleation and growth. Emission factors were calculated and compared with those obtained by other studies. Emission factors for particles larger than 25 nm (primary emissions) varied within 1.1 × 1014 km?1 and 2.7 × 1014 km?1 for the diesel car and between 0.6 × 1012 km?1 and 3.5 × 1012 km?1 for the gasoline car. The advantage of these measurements is the exhaust dilution under atmospheric conditions and the size-resolved measurement technique to divide into primary emitted and secondary formed particles. |
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