Trend analysis of urban NO2 concentrations and the importance of direct NO2 emissions versus ozone/NOx equilibrium |
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| Authors: | Menno Keuken Michiel Roemer Sef van den Elshout |
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| Institution: | 1. TNO, Business unit Environment, Health and Safety, PO Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. DCMR, Environmental Protection Agency Rijnmond, ''s-Gravenlandseweg 565, 3119 XT Schiedam, The Netherlands;1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA;2. Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Talbot 4W, Boston, MA, 02118, USA;3. National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 7 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China;4. Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA;1. Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China;2. I.M. System Group, Environmental Modeling Center, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Prediction, College Park, MD, USA;3. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA;4. School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China;5. Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;6. Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;7. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA;8. Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, USA;1. Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA;2. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA;3. Science Systems and Applications, Inc., MD, USA;4. Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA |
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| Abstract: | The annual air quality standard of NO2 is often exceeded in urban areas near heavy traffic locations. Despite significant decrease of NOx emissions in 1986–2005 in the industrial and harbour area near Rotterdam, NO2 concentrations at the urban background remain at the same level since the end of the nineties. Trend analysis of monitoring data revealed that the ozone/NOx equilibrium is a more important factor than increasing direct NO2 emissions by traffic. The latter has recently been identified as an additional NO2 source due to the introduction of oxy-catalytic converters in diesel vehicles and the growing number of diesel vehicles. However, in Rotterdam over the period 1986–2005 direct NO2 emissions by road traffic only increased 3–4%. Due to the importance of the ozone/NOx equilibrium, it is concluded that local NOx emissions in Rotterdam need substantial reduction to achieve lower NO2 urban background levels. This is a relatively costly abatement strategy and, therefore, a “hotspot” approach aiming at reducing NOx emissions by local traffic measures is more effective to meet European air quality standards. |
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