Surface ozone background in the United States: Canadian and Mexican pollution influences |
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| Authors: | Huiqun Wang Daniel J Jacob Philippe Le Sager David G Streets Rokjin J Park Alice B Gilliland A van Donkelaar |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA;2. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA;3. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea;4. Atmospheric Modeling Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, USEPA;5. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada;1. A.S.L. & Associates, 302 North Last Chance Gulch, Helena, MT 59601, USA;2. ENVIRON International Corporation, 773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115, Novato, CA 94945, USA;3. 320 Eastwood Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;4. Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;5. CIRES, University of Colorado, NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA;1. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park NC 27711, USA;2. United States Department of State, Washington DC 20520, USA;3. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Denver CO 80202, USA;1. rdscientific, Newbury, United Kingdom;2. School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia;3. Atmospheric Chemistry Services, Okehampton, Devon, United Kingdom;4. Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom;1. Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada;2. Population Studies Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada;3. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada;4. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA;5. Earth Observation Service, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada;6. Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada;7. Institute of Health: Science, Technology and Policy, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada;8. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ottawa, ON, Canada;9. Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA;10. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA;11. Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada |
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| Abstract: | We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) with 1° × 1° horizontal resolution to quantify the effects of anthropogenic emissions from Canada, Mexico, and outside North America on daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations in US surface air. Simulations for summer 2001 indicate mean North American and US background concentrations of 26 ± 8 ppb and 30 ± 8 ppb, as obtained by eliminating anthropogenic emissions in North America vs. in the US only. The US background never exceeds 60 ppb in the model. The Canadian and Mexican pollution enhancement averages 3 ± 4 ppb in the US in summer but can be occasionally much higher in downwind regions of the northeast and southwest, peaking at 33 ppb in upstate New York (on a day with 75 ppb total ozone) and 18 ppb in southern California (on a day with 68 ppb total ozone). The model is successful in reproducing the observed variability of ozone in these regions, including the occurrence and magnitude of high-ozone episodes influenced by transboundary pollution. We find that exceedances of the 75 ppb US air quality standard in eastern Michigan, western New York, New Jersey, and southern California are often associated with Canadian and Mexican pollution enhancements in excess of 10 ppb. Sensitivity simulations with 2020 emission projections suggest that Canadian pollution influence in the Northeast US will become comparable in magnitude to that from domestic power plants. |
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