Characterization of odor released during handling of swine slurry: Part I. Relationship between odorants and perceived odor concentrations |
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| Authors: | V Blanes-Vidal MN Hansen APS Adamsen A Feilberg SO Petersen BB Jensen |
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| Institution: | 1. Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrs Alle 1, 5230 Odense, Denmark;2. AgroTech A/S, Institute for Agro Technology and Food Innovation, Udkaersvej 15, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark;3. Department of Agroecology and Environment, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, P.O.Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark;4. Danish Technological Institute, Aarhus, Denmark;5. Department of Animal Health, Welfare and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aarhus, P.O.Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark;1. Research Group “Environmental Monitoring”, Department of Environmental Sciences and Management, University of Liège, Avenue de Longwy, 185, B6700 Arlon, Belgium;2. Odometric s.a., Arlon, Belgium;3. Veterinary Ecology and Ethology Unit, Department of Animal Productions, University of Liège, Belgium;1. School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China;2. China Building Material Test & Certification Group Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100024, China;3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China;4. Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Beijing Municipal Institute of Labor Protection, Beijing, 100054, China;5. BESG Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100101, China;1. Politecnico di Milano, Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, P.za Leonardo Da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy;2. Ecole des Mines d''Alès, Industrial Environment, 6 av. de Clavières, 30319 Alès cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | Odor emission from livestock production systems is a major nuisance in many rural areas. This study aimed at determining the major airborne chemical compounds responsible for the unpleasant odor perceived in swine facilities during slurry handling, and at proposing predictive models of odor concentration (OC) based on the concentrations of specific odorants in the air. A multivariate data analysis strategy involving principal components analysis and multiple linear regressions was implemented to analyze the relationships between concentration of 35 gases (measured by GC/MS or gas detection tubes), and the overall OC perceived by sensory analysis. The study compiled data on the concentration of odor and odorants, measured in the headspace of 24 unstored and stored slurry samples collected from three different types of production units on 8 commercial swine farms. Among all the measured constituents, OC was found to have the highest correlation with the sulfur containing compounds (i.e. hydrogen sulfide, dimethylsulfide, dimethyldisulfide, dimethyltrisulfide). The concentration of hydrogen sulfide accounted for 68% of the variation in OC above the stirred slurry samples. The highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds were observed for phenols and indoles, which made a significant contribution to the overall OC when the slurry was fresh. The contribution of ammonia to the OC was only significant in the absence of hydrogen sulfide. The precision of predictive models of OC based on the concentration of specific odorants in the air was satisfactory (R2 between 0.66 and 0.89). Hence, this study suggests that monitoring of specific odor compounds released from agitated swine slurry can be used to predict the concentration of odor perceived close to the source (e.g. at storage units), allowing the assessment of odor nuisance potentials. |
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