Hydrocarbon emissions speciation in diesel and biodiesel exhausts |
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| Authors: | Francisco Payri Vicente R Bermúdez Bernardo Tormos Waldemar G Linares |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, India;2. Institute of Engineering, Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam;3. Department of Production Engineering, Sri Sairam Engineering College, Chennai, India;4. Institute of Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, United Kingdom;5. Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;6. Center for Alternative Energy Research and Development, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;1. Istanbul Ayd?n University, Mechanical Engineering Department, ?stanbul, Turkey;2. Karabuk University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Karabuk, Turkey;1. National Engineering Laboratory for Automotive Electronic Control Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Walter E. Lay Automotive Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;3. Key Laboratory of Power Machinery and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China |
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| Abstract: | Diesel engine emissions are composed of a long list of organic compounds, ranging from C2 to C12+, and coming from the hydrocarbons partially oxidized in combustion or produced by pyrolisis. Many of these are considered as ozone precursors in the atmosphere, since they can interact with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone under atmospheric conditions in the presence of sunlight. In addition to problematic ozone production, Brookes, P., and Duncan, M. 1971. Carcinogenic hydrocarbons and human cells in culture. Nature.] and Heywood, J. 1988. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals.Mc Graw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-1000499-8.] determined that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in exhaust gases are dangerous to human health, being highly carcinogenic.The aim of this study was to identify by means of gas chromatography the amount of each hydrocarbon species present in the exhaust gases of diesel engines operating with different biodiesel blends. The levels of reactive and non-reactive hydrocarbons present in diesel engine exhaust gases powered by different biodiesel fuel blends were also analyzed.Detailed speciation revealed a drastic change in the nature and quantity of semi-volatile compounds when biodiesel fuels are employed, the most affected being the aromatic compounds. Both aromatic and oxygenated aromatic compounds were found in biodiesel exhaust. Finally, the conservation of species for off-side analysis and the possible influence of engine operating conditions on the chemical characterization of the semi-volatile compound phase are discussed.The use of oxygenated fuel blends shows a reduction in the Engine-Out emissions of total hydrocarbons. But the potential of the hydrocarbon emissions is more dependent on the compositions of these hydrocarbons in the Engine-Out, to the quantity; a large percent of hydrocarbons existing in the exhaust, when biodiesel blends are used, are partially burned hydrocarbons, and are interesting as they have the maximum reactivity, but with the use of pure biodiesel and diesel, the most hydrocarbons are from unburned fuel and they have a less reactivity. The best composition in the fuel, for the control of the hydrocarbon emissions reactivity, needs to be a fuel with high-saturated fatty acid content. |
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