Sources and seasonal variation of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dalian,China: Factor analysis with non-negative constraints combined with local source fingerprints |
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| Authors: | Fulin Tian Jingwen Chen Xianliang Qiao Zhen Wang Ping Yang Degao Wang Linke Ge |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States;2. Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University Brno, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;1. Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China;2. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10012, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.;5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. |
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| Abstract: | Vapor- and particulate-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) samples were continuously collected at an urban site in Dalian, China, during the heating and non-heating period. There is strong temperature dependence and obvious seasonal trend for atmospheric PAHs, and significant positive correlations of atmospheric PAHs with SO2 and CO concentrations were observed. Factor analysis model with non-negative constraints (FA–NNC) combined with local and literature PAH source fingerprints was successful in source identification of particulate PAHs in the atmospheric samples. The results suggested that, in heating period, the main pollution sources were identified as coal-fired boiler emission (56%), residential coal combustion (33%) and traffic emissions (11%). As for non-heating period, the main sources were gasoline engine emission, traffic tunnel emission and coal-fired power plant, and the overall source contributions of traffic emission (gasoline engine + traffic tunnel) were 79% and coal-fired power plant 21%. The current results support our previous study and provide new insights. This can be the first attempt to quantitatively apportion air organic pollutants using receptor models combined with local source fingerprints. The source fingerprints can be used as reference data for source apportionment of atmospheric PAHs of China. |
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