Fungal spore fragmentation as a function of airflow rates and fungal generation methods |
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| Authors: | Hussein Kanaani Megan Hargreaves Zoran Ristovski Lidia Morawska |
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| Institution: | 1. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;2. School of Life Sciences, Microbiology Section, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;1. International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;2. Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre – Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany;3. Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, D-18051 Rostock, Germany;1. Queensland University of Technology, International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, 2 George Street, Brisbane Q 4001, Australia;2. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Developing Indoor Environments, Topeliuksenkatu 41 aA, FI-00250 Helsinki, Finland;3. Université Laval, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bio-informatics, 2325, Rue de l''Université Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada;1. HAE Research and Development Center, LG Electronics, Seoul 153-802, Republic of Korea;2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea;3. Yonsei Center for Clean Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study was to characterise and quantify the fungal fragment propagules derived and released from several fungal species (Penicillium, Aspergillus niger and Cladosporium cladosporioides) using different generation methods and different air velocities over the colonies. Real time fungal spore fragmentation was investigated using an Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UVASP) and a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The study showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.01) in the fragmentation percentage between different air velocities for the three generation methods, namely the direct, the fan and the fungal spore source strength tester (FSSST) methods. The percentage of fragmentation also proved to be dependent on fungal species. The study found that there was no fragmentation for any of the fungal species at an air velocity ≤0.4 m s?1 for any method of generation. Fluorescent signals, as well as mathematical determination also showed that the fungal fragments were derived from spores. Correlation analysis showed that the number of released fragments measured by the UVAPS under controlled conditions can be predicted on the basis of the number of spores, for Penicillium and A. niger, but not for C. cladosporioides. The fluorescence percentage of fragment samples was found to be significantly different to that of non-fragment samples (p < 0.0001) and the fragment sample fluorescence was always less than that of the non-fragment samples. Size distribution and concentration of fungal fragment particles were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively, by both UVAPS and SMPS, and it was found that the UVAPS was more sensitive than the SMPS for measuring small sample concentrations, whilethe results obtained from the UVAPS and SMAS were not identical for the same samples. |
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