Comparison of air pollutant emissions among mega-cities |
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| Authors: | David D Parrish William C Kuster Min Shao Yoko Yokouchi Yutaka Kondo Paul D Goldan Joost A de Gouw Makoto Koike Tomoko Shirai |
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| Institution: | 1. Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory/NOAA, 325 Broadway R/CSD7, Boulder, CO 80305, USA;2. College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China;3. Environmental Chemistry Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan;4. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;5. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA;6. Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;7. Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan;1. Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, PR China;2. MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China;1. Sonoma Technology, Inc., 1455 N, McDowell Boulevard, Suite D, Petaluma, CA 94954-6503, USA;2. Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, 9820-106 Street, 9th Floor, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5K 2J6;1. Tecnológico de Monterrey, Toluca, Mexico;2. National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change, México City, Mexico;3. Independent Consultant, Mexico;4. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan;5. Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan;6. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolivar, Cartagena, Colombia;1. Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;2. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;3. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan Tyndall Centre, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;4. State Key Lab for Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;1. School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China;2. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;2. Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-8: Troposphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich 52428, Germany;3. Beijing Innovation Center for Engineering Sciences and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
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| Abstract: | Ambient measurements of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides from three mega-cities (Beijing, Mexico City, Tokyo) are compared with similar measurements from US cities in the mid-1980s and the early 2000s. The common hydrocarbon pattern seen in all data sets suggests that emissions associated with gasoline-fueled vehicles dominate in all of these cities. This commonality suggests that it will be efficient and, ultimately, cost effective to proceed with vehicular emission controls in most emerging mega-cities, while proceeding with development of more locally appropriate air quality control strategies through emissions inventory development and ambient air monitoring. Over the three decades covered by the US data sets, the hydrocarbon emissions decreased by a significant factor (something like an order of magnitude), which is greater than suggested by emission inventories, particularly the EDGAR international inventory. The ambient hydrocarbon and CO concentrations reported for the three non-US mega-cities are higher than present US ambient concentrations, but lower than those observed in the 1980s in the US. The one exception to the preceding statement is the high concentrations of CO observed in Beijing, which apparently have a large regional contribution. |
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