Gas- and particle-phase distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two-stroke, 50-cm3 moped emissions |
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| Authors: | Pasquale Spezzano Paolo Picini Dario Cataldi |
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| Institution: | 1. ENEA, CR Frascati, Environment, Global Change and Sustainable Development Department, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy;2. ENEA, CR Casaccia, Environment, Global Change and Sustainable Development Department, Via Anguillarese 301, 00060 S.M. di Galeria, Rome, Italy;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India;2. Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India;1. Research Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, TN, India;2. IC Engines Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeppiaar Institute of Technology, Chennai, TN, India;3. Engine Research Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Chennai, TN, India;4. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada;5. PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Polymeric Materials Research Lab, Alagappa Govt. Arts College, Karaikudi, TN, India;1. Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Research Institute for Sustainable Environment (RISE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;1. Division of Combustion, Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden;2. Volvo Car Corporation, Gothenburg, Sweden;1. CMT – Motores Térmicos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;2. Institute for Combustion Engines, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Gas- and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations evaluated in the exhaust of 10 two-stroke, 50-cm3 mopeds belonging to three different levels of emission legislation (EURO-0, EURO-1 and EURO-2) were used to assess the prevalent mechanism driving the gas/particle partitioning of PAHs in moped exhaust. Sampling was performed on a dynamometer bench both during the “cold-start” and the “hot” phases of the ECE-47 driving cycle. Gas and particulate phase PAHs were collected on polyurethane foam (PUF) plugs and 47-mm Pallflex T60A20 filters, respectively, under isokinetic conditions by using sampling probes inserted into the dilution tunnel of a Constant Volume Sampling – Critical Flow Venturi (CVS–CFV) system.The results show that semi-volatile PAHs were predominantly partitioned to the particle phase. The soluble organic fraction (SOF) of the collected particulates ranged between 72 and 98%. Measured total suspended particulate matter normalized partition coefficients (Kp) were predicted within a factor of 3–5 by assuming absorption into the organic fraction according to a model developed by Harner and Bidleman Harner, T., Bidleman, T.F., 1998. Octanol–air partition coefficient for describing particle/gas partitioning of aromatic compounds in urban air. Environmental Science & Technology 32, 1494–1502.]. This suggests that the gas/particle partitioning in moped exhaust is mainly driven by the high fraction of organic matter of the emitted particles and that absorption could be the main partitioning mechanism of PAHs. |
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