中国与美国矿山救护标准的比对分析

近些年来随着国内矿山事故的频繁发生,矿山救护发挥着越来越重要的作用。矿山救护标准是保障矿山救护工作顺利进行的重要技术规范。本文通过分析中国和美国矿山救护标准的现状,从矿山救护的组织机构、队员条件、技术支持、经费来源、技能培训五个方面分别对两国矿山救护标准中的具体技术指标进行比对分析,总结出我国与美国矿山救护标准之间的异同。另外通过对我国矿山救护体系建设现状的分析,指出我国矿山救护体系存在的一些不足。最后在比对分析结果及矿山救护体系建设现状分析的基础之上,为我国矿山救护标准的发展提供参考意见,包括：注重标准的动态性与实用性;加强对应急救援指挥体系引发社会成本的研究;加强队伍建设,增强应急救援综合能力;改革管理体制,理顺管理渠道等。

A comparative analysis of mine rescue standards in China and the United States

In recent years,with the frequent occurrence of mine accidents in China,mine rescue is playing an increasingly important role.Mine rescue standards are the important technical specifications to ensure the smooth progress of mine rescue.The current status of the mine rescue standards in China and the United States was analyzed,and then the similarities and differences of the detailed technical characteristics of these two standards were presented from mine rescue organizations,requirements for team members,technical support,sources of funds and skills training.Besides,based on the analysis of current mine rescue system construction in China,some deficiencies of this system were pointed out.Finally,through the contrast and analysis of the mine rescue standards in China and the United States,some tactical initiatives were suggested to the development of the mine rescue standards in China,including paying more attention to the dynamic and the actual utility of the mine rescue standards,strengthening the research of social cost caused by the emergency rescue command system,enhancing the construction of mine rescue teams and improving the overall capabilities of emergency rescue team members,reforming the management system of the mine recue and straightening out the management channel,and so on.