我国建设用地土壤环境标准体系发展与建议

我国建设用地土壤环境标准体系先后经历了污染控制标准、环境质量标准、环境风险管控标准等发展阶段，已形成一套具有我国国情特色的成熟标准体系框架. 为探究过去30余年相关标准的发展与演变特征，以200余项国家、行业、地方及团体标准文件作为研究对象，对比分析国内外标准制定现状，重点分析得出现阶段标准制定的领域热点，提出了适合我国土壤环境标准体系的完善方案和发展方向. 结果表明，目前土壤污染物的检验方法是最主要的土壤环境标准文件类型，分光光度法是最主要的污染物测试方法. 未来发展任务可从开发污染地块精细化和本土化的风险评估模型、健全土壤环境基准研究、完善风险调查检测评估与防治相关技术规范等方面进行，切实为我国土壤环境标准体系的优化完善提供重要的方法基础，为深入打好净土保卫战提供坚实的技术支撑. 

Development and Suggestion of Soil Environmental Standard System of Construction Land in China

China's construction soil environmental standard system has formed a mature framework with the characteristics of China's conditions, and it has gone through the sequential periods of pollution prevent, environmental quality and risk control. In order to explore the development and evolution characteristics of relevant standards in the past 30 years, more than 200 national, trade, local and group standard documents are chosen and investigated, the current development of domestic and foreign standards is compared and analyzed, and suggestions on the improvement direction of China's soil environment risk control standard system are proposed. It should be noted that the inspection method of soil contaminants is the main type of standards, and spectrophotometry is the main pollutant test method. Future tasks include developing advanced risk assessment models for contaminated sites with refined parameters and localization, enriching soil environmental criteria, improving guidelines for investigation, risk assessment and pollution prevention and control, and effective optimizing and enhancing the soil ecological-environmental standard system as a powerful technical support for the in-depth and successful prevention of soil contamination.