退役三元锂电池循环利用系统减碳效率评估及优化分析

随着我国新能源汽车产业的快速发展,大批动力电池进入退役期.针对退役动力电池循环利用现状,识别降本减碳协同效应并开展系统优化分析,成为重要研究课题.本文综合采用生命周期评价和生命周期成本方法,分析了当前我国退役三元锂电池循环利用系统的碳足迹和经济成本.结果表明,1GWh容量的退役三元锂电池循环利用系统碳足迹和生命周期成本分别为-2.33×10⁷kgCO₂eq和-33613.15万元.结合碳足迹和生命周期成本二维指标开展减碳效率评估和情景分析发现,相对于现实系统,汽车生产商主导的优化情景减碳效率较低,提高梯次利用比例的优化情景具有最优减碳效率.通过提高梯次利用比例和采用先进资源化技术均能够显著提升退役三元锂电池循环利用系统的减碳效率.

Evaluation and optimization analysis of carbon reduction efficiency of retired NCM lithium battery recycling system

With the rapid development of China's new energy vehicle industry, a large number of power batteries have entered the retirement period. It has become an important research topic to identify the synergistic effect of cost and carbon reduction and carry out systematic optimization analysis in view of the current situation of retired power battery recycling. The carbon footprint and economic cost of the retired NCM lithium battery recycling system in China were analyzed by using life cycle assessment and life cycle costing. The carbon footprint and life cycle cost of the retired NCM lithium battery recycling system with 1GWh capacity were -2.33×10⁷kgCO₂eq and –336131500 yuan, respectively. The carbon reduction efficiency assessment and scenario analysis were carried out based on the two-dimensional indicators of carbon footprint and life cycle cost. It was found that compared with the real system, the optimization scenario dominated by automobile manufacturers had lower carbon reduction efficiency, and the optimization scenario with higher echelon utilization ratio had the optimal carbon reduction efficiency. The carbon reduction efficiency of the retired NCM lithium battery recycling system can be significantly improved by increasing the proportion of echelon utilization and adopting advanced resource recovery technology.