重大事故危害阈值的探讨

给出重大事故危害阈值的定义和主要类型。通过对国内外相关文献的分析,确定出火灾、爆炸伤害准则,并对各种常见毒物紧急暴露阈值进行比较。在此基础上,给出各种事故场景下不同人员伤害程度下的伤害阈值。该伤害阈值标准按对人员伤害程度的不同,分为高致死、致死出现、不可逆效应和可逆效应4种。给出的伤害阈值可应用于重大危险源或工业园区的安全评价、安全规划以及应急规划等工作。

Discuss on Hazardous Thresholds of Major Hazard Accidents

The definition and categories of hazardous thresholds are put forward. According to the related literature at home and abroad, the harm criteria for fire and explosion are determined. Then, the emergency exposure thresholds for common toxic substances are compared. Based on this, the harm threshold criteria for different harms under different accident scenario are given, which are classified into threshold of high lethality, threshold of starting lethality, threshold of irreversible effect, and threshold of reversible effect. These hazardous thresholds can be applied to the fields of safety assessment, land use planning and emergency planning for major hazard installations or industrial zones.