航天发射场常规液体推进剂作业危险性评估

根据航天发射场常规液体推进剂作业实际情况,利用“日本劳动省化工安全定量评价法”和“蒙德火灾爆炸毒性指标评价法”,对推进剂各作业单元的危险性进行了评估,为实施防护提供了科学的理论依据。

ASSESSMENT ON THE HAZARDS IN LAUNCHING CONVENTIONAL LIQUID-PROPELLANT ROCKETS

Since conventional liquid propellants are applied widely in spaceflight field, such properties of the propellants, as strong oxidation, toxicity, inflammability, explosibility and so on, are prone to some special hazards in the course of the propellant operation. To prevent such haphazard and take preventive measures, it is a real need to work out effective ways for assessing the probability of such hazards through systematic testing and accurate analysis. According to the fact of conventional liquid propellant operation in spaceflight fields and the analysis of operation flow sequence, 8 species and 12 assessing units are confirmed. According to the "Chemistry Industry Safety Quantitative Assessment Method", for assessing the hazard of every unit, the danger degree of each unit has to be tested and acquired. On the basis of the above publication, "Monde fire, explosion, and toxicity criterion assessment method" is utilized to assess the potentially high hazardous fire, explosion, and toxicity criterion of 8 units. The results have been compensated reasonably according to the actual safety measures taken in the aspects of design, management and operation of propellant system. The results also show that the hazard of hydrazine fuels operation is higher than that of nitryl oxidizers. The hazard of toxicity is higher than that of fire and explosion at normal operation, which demands the operators to take measures to protect themselves from the danger necessarily. What is more, since it is likely for the hydrazine fuels to leak out and cause explosion, measures should be taken to prevent such hazards, too.