医疗废物焚烧过程中脱氯机理和试验

医疗废物中包括含有大量的PVC,焚烧时会产生HCl从而污染环境,因此医疗废物在焚烧处理时需要进行脱氯。经热力学计算可知,医疗废物焚烧炉内喷入脱氯吸收剂在燃烧过程脱氯,效果最好的脱氯剂是Ca(OH)2、CaO、CaCO3、MgCO3、Mg(OH)2和MgO。在固定床上进行的医疗废物焚烧过程中脱氯试验结果表明:温度对脱氯有着重要的影响,最佳脱氯温度为800℃左右;吸收剂粒径越小,脱氯效率越高;随着Ca/Cl值的增大脱氯率增大,但增加的速度却趋于平缓,所得最佳Ca/Cl值为2.5~3。

DECHLORIDIZATION MECHANISM AND EXPERIMENT IN INCINERATION PROCESS OF MEDICAL WASTES

Because the medical wastes include PVC containing chlorine element, and their incineration would produce pollutant HCl so it is necessary to dechloridize in medical wastes incineration.Firstly, from the thermodynamics analysis,it is known that during the dechloridization process with addition of absorbents,the absorbents with the best dechloridization effect are Ca(OH)_2,CaO,CaCO_3,MgCO_3,Mg(OH)_2,while the worst is MgO.The results of experiment show that:the temperature plays important effects on dechloridization, the optimal temperature is controlled around from 800 ℃; The smaller the granule of absorbent is,the higher the utilizing efficiency of absorbent surface is,and the higher the dechloridization efficiency is; with the Ca/Cl increases,the dechloridization efficiency increases, but the increasing rate tends to slow,and the optimal Ca/Cl is 2.5～3.