阿拉善地区生态环境问题及探讨

阿拉善荒漠地处我国西北内陆，亚洲荒漠区最东部，总面积27万平方公里。由于所处的特殊地理位置，阿拉善荒漠植被，历来成为甘肃河西走廊、宁夏平原和内蒙古河套平原三大绿洲的天然保护屏障。然而，阿拉善地区的生态环境日趋恶化，气候干旱、沙尘暴频繁、黑河下泻水量锐减，水资源危机，造成湖泊干涸，地下水位下降，水质恶化，土地盐渍化加重。成为我国沙尘暴主要尘源地区之一。植被严重衰退，生物多样性减少。草地面积缩小，保护功能强大的乔、灌、草植被，每年以2万亩的速度减少消失。绿洲萎缩，濒临消亡，濒危物种亟待抢救。沙漠化面积扩大，吞并草场，埋没农田。每年以1000平方公里速度扩张，沙进人退现象加重，生态难民增多。著名的巴丹吉林，腾格里，乌兰布和三大沙漠向前推进，倾入黄河，阻断公路、铁路、吞食盐场，直接经济损失巨大。阿拉善的生态危机和居延绿洲的严重衰退，直接影响到国防和航天建设。也威胁到了相邻省区以及黄土高原的工农业生产，甚至波及到华北、西北，以及更远的江淮地区。本地区的生态环境问题，已不是区域性的环境问题。是全社会、全民族的问题，已引起国家及各部门的高度重视。

APPROACH ON ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT PROBEMS IN A LA SHAN AREA

A La Shan desert area is located at Northwest interior China and eastest periphery of Asian deserted region with total area of 270,000 square kilometer. As its special geographical location, the desert vegetation in A La Shah area has been the natural conservation screen for three big oasises of He Xi corridor in Gan Su, Nin Xia plain and Inner Mongolia He Tao plain. However, the ecological environment in A La Shan area has been getting worsen, the climate tends to become draught, the sandstorm happens frequently, the water amount of downstream in Hei river has been reduced sharply. The water resources crisis results in lake - shrinking, underground water level - dwindling, water quality worsen and heavy land salination. It is one of major dust sources of sandstorm.