Resistance and re-organization of an ecosystem in response to biological invasion: Some hypotheses |
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Authors: | Michela Marchi,Sven Erik Jø rgensenEloy Bé cares,Ilaria CorsiNadia Marchettini,Simone Bastianoni |
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Affiliation: | a Department of Chemistry, University of Siena, Via della Diana 2a and Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy b Section of Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry, Institute A, University Park 2, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark c Department of Ecology, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain d Department of Environmental Sciences “G. Sarfatti”, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy |
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Abstract: | Using a dynamic model of Lake Chozas developed by Marchi et al. (2011), we tested three hypotheses about recovery of the indigenous community and water quality after radical changes caused by introduction of an invasive allochthonous crayfish, Procambarus clarkii:- 1.
- Can the lake resist the pressure of an invasive species, like P. clarkii, by adaptation?
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- Can the ecosystem recover when all the crayfish are removed and low phosphorus concentrations persist in inflow water?
- 3.
- Does the simulated recovery of submerged vegetation occur at a total phosphorus concentration below 100 mg TP m−3, as estimated by Scheffer et al. (1993), Scheffer (1997), Jeppesen et al. (1998) and Zhang et al. (2003)?
We obtained the following answers:- 1.
- Lake Chozas can at least partly resist by adaptation. A combination of possible parameter changes could lead to a significant increase in eco-exergy.
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- Removal of the phosphorus represented by crayfish (by harvesting) implies complete recovery of the lake and its eco-exergy, albeit not necessarily with the same organisms having the same properties.
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- The expected hysteresis created by introduction and harvesting of crayfish is observed under the following conditions: phytoplankton dominance at total phosphorus ≥ about 200-250 mg TP m−3 and submerged vegetation returns at total phosphorus < 100 mg TP m−3.
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Keywords: | Resistance Re-organization Lake restoration Exotic crayfish Parameters Eco-exergy |
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