上海市表层土壤中多环芳烃的分布特征与源解析

应用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对上海市80个表层土壤样品中16种优控多环芳烃的浓度进行了测定,分析了上海市土壤中PAHs的含量分布特征,并利用同分异构体比值、主成分分析方法对表层土壤中的PAHs进行了源解析.结果表明,80个样点PAHs的含量在0.12~24.5μg/g之间,呈现出郊区>市区>农村的梯度变化,市区内不同功能区采样点呈现出交通区>文教区>公园绿地>商业区>住宅区的梯度变化. PAHs组成以4环和5环为主,平均含量分别占∑PAHs的49.2%和27.0%,其次为3环和6环,分别占∑PAHs的14.8%和6.6%,最低为2环PAHs,仅占2.4%,单体PAHs化合物以荧蒽、芘、苯并芘为主.源解析表明,表层土壤中PAHs的主要来源是燃烧源,主要是石油燃烧.

Distribution and source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface soils in Shanghai

The concentrations of sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 80 topsoil samples in Shanghai were determined by GC-MS. The distribution pattern was discussed, and source apportionment of PAHs in surface soil was conducted by the isomer ratio and principal component analysis. Results showed that the concentrations of PAHs ranged between 0.12μg/g and 24.5μg/g, presenting gradient changes of suburb>urban> rural and traffic area>cultural and educational area>park greenbelt>business district>residential in different functional areas in the city. Dominant compounds were 4rings and 5rings PAHs, which accounted for 49.2% and 27.0%, followed by 3and 6rings, which accounted for 14.8% and 6.6% of the total PAH concentrations, respectively. The lowest was the 2rings PAHs, which only accounted for 2.4% of the total PAH concentrations. In addition, fluoranthene, pyrene and benzopyrene were dominant PAH compounds. Source apportionment indicated that the PAHs originated mainly from burning, mainly oil burning.