贵州省水土流失时空变化特征

查明贵州省水土流失的时空变化特征,对指导水土保持和生态环境建设具有重要意义。基于贵州省2000、2010、2015年3期水土流失数据,采用水土流失比率和水土流失综合指数方法,探讨了贵州省水土流失时空变化规律。研究表明:(1)2000～2015年贵州省水土流失得到了明显改善,不同分区水土流失呈现西部重、东部轻、北部重、南部轻的空间格局;(2)黔西分区以轻度、中度、强度侵蚀为主,黔西南、黔北、黔中分区以轻度、中度侵蚀为主,黔南、黔东分区以轻度侵蚀为主,呈现"阶梯状"区域性特征;(3)各分区水土流失总体呈下降趋势,黔东、黔西南、黔西分区仍是水土流失重点关注区域。本研究揭示了贵州省水土流失总体呈好转趋势,水土流失的扩张趋势得到了初步遏制,潜在水土流失风险逐渐降低。

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Soil and Water Loss in Guizhou Province

Clarifying the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of soil and water loss has great significance to guide soil and water conservation and ecological environment construction in the Guizhou province. Based on the soil and water loss data of the Guizhou province in years 2000, 2010 and 2015, the ratio and the comprehensive index of soil and water loss were used to represent the spatial and temporal variation of soil and water loss in this study. Our findings are as follows:(1) From 2000 to 2015, the soil and water loss in Guizhou has been improved obviously, the proportion of micro-erosion increased about 13.84% during these 15 years. (2) The spatial pattern of the water and soil loss in Guizhou could be summarized as higher in the west and north and lower in the east and south. (3) The soil erosion showed a "ladder-shaped" pattern in Guizhou, western areas of Guizhou occurred mild, moderate, and intensity erosions, southwestern, northern and central areas of Guizhou developed mild and moderate erosions, and southern and eastern areas of Guizhou often meet the mild erosion. This study revealed that the overall trend of soil and water loss in Guizhou has been improved, the expansion trend of soil and water loss has been partially curbed, and the risk of potential soil and water loss has been gradually reduced.