污水处理厂中浮游生物群落DNA指纹及其与水质指标的关系

以武汉龙王嘴污水处理系统为研究对象,揭示了污水处理各阶段中浮游生物群落的DNA指纹拓扑结构,进而探索了其与浮游生物群落结构和环境理化因子的关系.首先建立了污水处理系统中浮游生物群落总DNA提取方法,然后用原核与真核特异性引物对流程(A2/O氧化沟工艺)中不同阶段的浮游生物群落总DNA进行PCR扩增,用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)检测,并对平行水样分别进行常规理化因子和浮游生物物种的检测与鉴定.结果显示,各采样点理化因子、物种组成与浮游生物DNA指纹的统计分析结果十分吻合.厌氧、缺氧和好氧阶段间差异较小,进水、出水分别与其它采样点间差异较大.研究结果表明,污水中浮游生物群落具有丰富的多样性,其DNA指纹在空间距离较短的污水处理过程中发生了改变,而且其改变的趋势与生物组成和理化指标的趋势相符,说明浮游生物群落DNA指纹与水质指标密切相关.

Relationship between DNA fingerprints of plankton community and indicators of wastewater in wastewater treatment plant

Plankton community DNAfingerprints of five distinct sites from the Longwangzui wastewater treatment plant (A²/O oxidation ditch) were investigated with PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) using specific primers of 16SrDNA for prokaryotes and 18SrDNAfor eukaryotes. The correspondence of physico-chemical factors and species composition was also studied. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) based on physico-chemical factors and species composition were very similar to those based on the prokaryotic and eukaryotic organism DNA patterns. All results indicated that the anaerobic,anoxic,and aerobic reactor sites were similar to each other,while the influent and effluent were very different from the three reactors and from each other. The many common bands in the DGGE patterns suggest that the common bands with distinct intensity contain important information that is related to environmental changes. We conclude that the plankton community structure and its DNA fingerprints change over a short spatial distance,and the plankton community DGGEpatterns show a close relationship to the physico-chemical factors and the species composition of the wastewater.