模糊综合评判法在西部地区高速公路施工现场安全评判中的应用

目前随着高速公路建设的飞速发展,引发了施工现场的安全管理难度剧增,及时、正确地掌握和评判施工现场安全状况是预防和控制安全事故发生的有效途径。但公路施工领域安全评判涉及的因素很多,模糊性大、动态变化复杂是最显著的特性,因素之间互相作用使结果可变性很大,如何对受多种因素制约的事物或对象做出一个总体的评价是目前一个很重要的问题。模糊综合评判法可把定性评价转化为定量评价,能较好地解决模糊的、难以量化的问题。但由于该法使用的评语常带有模糊性,各影响因素的权重通常是专家凭经验给出,从而影响评判结果的客观性。而层次分析法适用于多方案或多目标的决策,可将定性与定量的分析相结合,可以减少评价中因主观性所带来的弊端,使评价结果更可信。本文在研究模糊综合评判法和层次分析法优缺点的基础上,将二者结合起来,建立西部地区高速公路施工现场安全状况评价的模型,利用该模型得出公路施工现场安全状况,为施工现场的安全管理和事故防治提供依据。

Study on safety assessment method for highway site construction in western China based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method

Currently,the rapid development of highway construction causes more difficulties to the safety management of site construction,promptly and correctly assessing the safety state of site construction is a key way to prevent and control highway construction accidents.In view of the fact that safety assessment for highway construction involves many factors and possesses the characteristics of big fuzziness,dynamics,complexity,and uncertainty of results caused by the interaction of factors,how to make an overall safety assessment for highway construction affected by many factors is a very important problem.Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment Method（FCAM） can be put into a quantitative evaluation of qualitative evaluation,can deal with vague,difficult to quantify the problem.But the weight of each factor based on expert＇s experience and the fuzziness of the assessing set in this method reduces the objectivity of the final result.AHP（Analytic Hierarchy Process）,as a combination method of qualitative and quantitative analysis,is fit for solving the problem of multi-objective or multi-scheme decision and reduces the subjectivity,which makes the final assessment result more credible.Considering the above reasons,a model for assessing the safety state of highway site construction in western China was set up based on FCAM and AHP,which preferably considered the fuzziness of assessing process and reduced the subjectivity.The safety state of highway site construction gotten by this model can provide great reference for the safety management and accident prevention of site construction.