化学事故危害后果评估与应急救援的辅助决策系统设计

根据重大城市的化学事故后果评估与应急救援的实际需要出发,提出了研制辅助决策系统任务需求和设计构想,阐述了该系统的系统结构、系统实现的流程和系统功能,并做了可行性分析。系统的模块包括：化学品基础信息模块、化学事故类型划分模块、地理信息系统模块、化学源周围道路交通模块、实时的天气预报模块、数学模型模块、危害后果评估模块、救援方案生成模块、人员疏散撤离方案生成模块、人机交互模块。系统与地理信息系统（G IS）、卫星导航系统（GPS）、遥感成像技术结合后能够实现精确定位、快速评估。将物联网技术与系统结合,还可实现对大型固定化学源远程时时监控,确保在事故发生后第一时间掌握信息,为后果评估和应急救援赢得时间,将化学突发事故的危害降到最低。该系统在信息化条件下,较好地为决策者进行化学事故后果评估,为应急救援决策提供了依据,可大幅度提高应急救援效能。

The design of emergency rescue decision support system and harmful consequenses evaluation about chemical accidents

According to some actual requirements of chemical accident consequences assessment in magor cities and emergency rescue,the article gives requirement and design conception of developing assistant system,discuss system structure, technological process,fuction and feasibility.The system module contains： chemicals basis information module,chemical accident type module,GIS module,chemical sources traffic module,real-time weather forecast module,mathematical model module,harmful consequences evaluation module,rescue scheme generation module,personnel evacuation scheme generation module and human-computer interaction module.The system combining with GIS、GPS and remote sensing image technology can be achieving accurate positioning,rapid assessment.If combining with IOT it can be achieving remote real-time monitoring of major chemical sourse and grasp first information of chemiacl accidents.The system can provide harmful consequenses evaluation and emergency rescue for deciders save time.