城镇污水处理设施空间优化配置研究

城镇污水处理设施建设总体规模不足、空间布局不平衡等问题突出,基于效率最大化、费用最小化原则,从微观效率和宏观布局两个维度进行空间优化配置,为解决城镇污水处理设施的空间均衡问题提供思路.以淮安市盱眙县盱城镇为例,利用Arc GIS网络分析工具,构建"目标市场份额"和"最小阻抗"模型,进行镇区污水处理设施的空间优化配置.结果表明:已有的污水处理设施中,由于管网配套不足,富春运行负荷低,未来扩大服务范围、提高运行效率是重点;在合理运行条件下,已有的污水厂的设计能力仍不满足治理需求,根据排污治污缺口,需新建一座2万t/d规模的污水处理设施;新建污水厂的最佳位置位于缺口地区的最小费用点.微观效率与宏观布局的协同优化方案可为盱城镇污水处理设施的格局优化提供科学依据,同时也为全国同类地区城镇污水处理设施空间规划管理提供参考.

Method for spatial optimal allocation of urban sewage treatment facilities

There are many problem of urban sewage treatment facilities in China, such as small scale and unbalanced distribution, which means optimal allocation of urban sewage treatment facilities is significant. Based on the principle of efficiency maximization and cost minimization, this paper aims to establish a new method for optimal allocation. Taking Xucheng Town in Huaian City Jiangsu province as a case, this paper established models of "target market share" and "the minimum impedance" by the ArcGIS network analyst tool. The result shows: One of the current sewage treatment facilities is operating reasonable, while the other one is inefficient because the equipped network is not enough. Then, the former facility can maintain, while the latter facility should expand its equipped network. The total treatment capacity of the current two facilities is still shorter than the whole emission of waste water in town. So a new sewage treatment facility should be built in the recent future. According to the related plan, the designed capacity of the new facility should be 20000t/d. The best location of the new facility is the minimum cost location. The problem of sewage treatment facilities in Xucheng Town is common in China, so the method is referential, which can achieve the collaborative optimization of micro-efficiency and macro-arrangement.