水文变化条件下农田溪流营养盐滞留效应模拟

以巢湖流域某一典型农田源头溪流为对象,基于溪流水文条件的动态变化性,从水文概率密度模型与营养盐滞留率模型综合集成角度,解析较长时间尺度下营养盐滞留有效流量的动态变化特征.在对水文概率密度模型Monte Carlo随机模拟的基础上,根据先前10次野外示踪实验获得的营养盐吸收速度等数据信息,定量评估溪流营养盐滞留的总体水平,估算最有效流量和等效流量.结果表明,农田溪流渠段的NH₄⁺、PO₄^3-滞留能力总体偏低,相应的期望滞留率分别为0.0671(6.71%)和0.0541(5.41%),最有效流量分别为0.0051,0.0049m³/s,功能等效流量分别为0.044,0.043m³/s.基于溪流营养盐吸收速度明显偏低的客观现状,有必要从溪流形态和河床地貌特征的改造着手,提升溪流水体营养盐滞留能力.

Modeling of nutrient retention effect in an agricultural headwater stream considering hydrological variability

A typical agricultural headwater stream was chosen as the representative to investigate the dynamic characteristics of effective flow for nutrient retention over a longer time scale, based on the change of regional hydrology, from the perspective of coupling the discharge probability density function and nutrient retention efficiency. Through the Monte Carlo simulation for discharge probability density function, the overall level of nutrient retention for the target stream was quantitatively evaluated as well as the most effective flow and the functionally equivalent discharge were calculated, according to the nutrient uptake velocity derived from field tracer experiments. The overall levels of retention capability for NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3- were quite low. The expected values of the retention efficiency of NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3- were 0.0671 (6.71%) and 0.0541 (5.41%), respectively. The most effective flow for NH₄⁺ and PO₄^3- were 0.0051m³/s and 0.0049m³/s, and the functionally equivalent discharge for them were 0.044m³/s and 0.043m³/s, respectively. In view of the fact of low nutrient uptake velocity in the stream, it is necessary to improve the nutrient retention efficiency of the target stream by reconstructing stream morphology and streambed geomorphology.