基于帕累托改进的闽江流域生态补偿标准研究

为了消除生态环境保护活动的外部性,借助流域边际价值的概念,得出了使流域实现帕累托最优改进,需要对上游流域保护区进行生态补偿的结论.分析了3种实现帕累托改进的方法:政府对上游补偿、对下游征税同时补偿上游、上下游之间进行谈判.以闽江流域为例,对1999~2013年流域上、下游的区市流域生态环境保护投入和流域相关地区生产总值的数据进行数据统计并分析,结果显示:通过对上游给予补偿同时对下游征税,可以实现流域的帕累托改进,上、下游地区达到各自的效用最大化,即对下游征税额应高于26.026亿元;上下游再用谈判或者达成协议等方式对净收益进行分配.以此实现各自利益最大化,最终达到帕累托最优状态.

Ecological compensation standard for Minjiang River based on Pareto improvement

In order to eliminate the externality of ecological and environmental protection activities, it was suggested that providing the ecological compensation to upstream area is necessary for Pareto optimality according to the concept of margin value. Three modes were investigated for Pareto improvement, including the mode of paying compensation to upstream area, the mode of combination of paying compensation to upstream area with imposing tax from downstream area and the mode of determined by negotiation between upstream and downstream area. Taking the Minjiang River basin for example, the revelent data from 1999~2013was analyzed, which focused on the ecological environment protection and the relevant regional GDP in the basin between upstream and downstream. The results indicated the two-step possible way is effective to realize Pareto improvement optimality. Firstly, the mode of combination of paying compensation to upstream area and composing tax will be used to obtain the maximum utility for both upstream and downstream area, namely more than 2.6026 billion Yuan for taxation respectively. Moreover, the mode of determined by negotiation should be used to distribute the net income, in further to maximize their benefits and eventually achieve the Pareto optimality.