大气盐雾分布影响因素与监(检)测及评价方法

阐述了大气盐雾的主要来源、影响盐雾含量和分布的主要因素、当前盐雾的主要监测技术以及与盐雾含量相对应的环境等级,有助于对沿海地区金属设备防腐蚀设计提供参数依据。其中大气盐雾的来源主要为海洋环境,而影响盐雾含量和分布的因素主要为离海岸距离、风速、风向等,当前盐雾含量的主要监测技术包括大气盐雾收集和盐雾含量检测两个步骤,盐雾的收集方式是大气盐雾含量精准度的重要指标,根据其结果表征方式(盐雾浓度和盐雾沉降率)主要分为采气收集和沉降收集。再利用检测手段分析盐雾含量,根据对设备腐蚀情况进行分等分级,但是现有方法具有一定的缺陷,如人为误差大,且无法实时监测环境中的盐雾变化情况,因此,在线检测技术是未来盐雾含量监测的主要研究方向。精准地检测环境中的盐雾含量,可为后期的腐蚀防护提出高效且经济的建议。

Influencing Factors of Atmospheric Salt Fog Distribution and Monitoring (Inspection) and Evaluation Methods

The work aims to clarify the main sources of atmospheric salt fog, the primary factors affecting the content and distribution of salt fog, the current monitoring technology, and the environmental grades corresponding to the content of salt fog, so as to provide parameter basis for the anti-corrosion design of metal equipment in coastal area. Atmospheric salt fog was prevailingly derived from the marine environment, and the factors affecting the content and distribution of salt fog were mainly the distance from shore, wind speed, wind direction, etc. The primary monitoring techniques of salt fog content were collection and testing. The collection method was one of the important indicators for accuracy. According to the characterization of results (salt fog concentration and salt fog sedimentation rate), it was mainly divided into gas collection and sedimentation collection. The content of salt fog was analyzed by test methods, and then the degree of equipment corrosion was classified. However, those methods have some shortcomings, such as poor data accuracy for human error, and can not get a real-time monitoring, so online detection technology is the main research direction in the future for detection of salt fog content and can accurately the salt fog content in the environment and provide some high efficient and economic advices for the late anti-corrosion.