Development of LCIA characterisation factors for land use impacts on biodiversity |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Group ENVOC, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;2. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Via E. Fermi 2749, I-21027 Ispra (VA), Italy;3. Aalborg University, The Danish Centre for Environmental Assessment, Skibbrogade 5, 1, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;1. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark;2. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Management Engineering, Anker Engelunds Vej 1, Kgs Lyngby, 2800, Denmark;3. Aalborg University, Department of Development and Planning, Skibbrogade 5, Aalborg, 9000, Denmark;1. Department of Development and Planning, Danish Centre for Environmental Assessment, Aalborg University, Skibbrogade 5, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;2. 2.-0 LCA Consultants, Skibbrogade 5, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;3. SCORELCA, 66 Boulevard Niels Bohr, CS 52132, 69603 Villeurbanne Cedex, France;1. Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering, University of Aarhus, Blichers Allé, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark;2. Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Agroecology, Blichers Allé, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark;3. International Center for Research in Organic Food Systems, Blichers Allé, DK 8830 Tjele, Denmark;4. 2.-0 LCA consultancy, Fibigerstræde 13, DK 9220 Aalborg, Denmark;1. 2.-0 LCA Consultants, Rendsburggade 14, Room 2.345, 9000, Aalborg, Denmark;2. Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain;3. CIESOL, Joint Centre of the University of Almería -CIEMAT, 04120, Almería, Spain;4. Department of Economics and Business, University of Almería, 04120, Almería, Spain;5. Hedera Helix I&B, Avda. Putxeta 1, Abanto y Zierbena, 48540, Bizkaia, Spain;6. CNR – Water Research Institute, Via F. De Blasio 5, 70132, Bari, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The UNEP/SETAC life cycle initiative has recently proposed a framework for life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) of land use. Still, a lack of appropriate LCIA-methods for assessing land use impacts exist in life cycle assessment (LCA). Most existing methods are either too coarse-grained regarding the differentiation between different land use types (e.g. conventional farming versus organic farming), or they are too narrow regarding spatial coverage (e.g. only part of Europe). Therefore, the purpose of this article is to develop a method that overcomes these problems. A secondary goal is to develop a method for which it is possible to determine characterisation factors for any land use type in any region without the need for overwhelming data and data manipulation requirements. The developed method for LCIA of biodiversity focuses on species richness of vascular plants which can be determined from species–area curves. The category indicator is calculated as the multiplication of occupied area, the number of species affected per standard area (100 m2), the duration of occupation and renaturalisation from transformation, and a factor for ecosystem vulnerability. The main uncertainties of the method are related to the determination of renaturalisation times and the establishment species–area curves. The intention of the study presented in this article, i.e. to develop an applicable model with global coverage and no constraints on resolution regarding spatial and land use type differentiation, has widely been met. The limiting factor for applicability is the access to species richness surveys for the relevant regions and land use types. But still, the method shows that, with limited efforts, it is possible to calculate characterisation factors for a large range of land use types in different parts of the world. |
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