2010—2019年成都市机动车排污特征分析及防控措施减排效果评估

为评估2010—2019年成都市机动车防控措施的减排效果，以2010年为基准年，采用排放清单法计算了各减排措施下2019年的减排量，对比分析了4种控制措施的减排效益。结果表明：成都市机动车排污总量逐年下降，2019年PM_2.5、NO_x、VOCs、CO、SO₂和NH₃的排放量分别为0.27×10⁴、4.63×10⁴、1.70×10⁴、28.99×10⁴、0.21×10⁴和0.45×10⁴ t，主要分布在中心城区，其中重型货车对PM_2.5和NO_x贡献最大，小型客车对VOCs、CO、SO₂和NH₃贡献最大；措施中加严标准的综合减排量最大，重点减排车型为小型客车、轻型货车、公交车等，2019年6种污染物减排量分别为0.14×10⁴、2.27×10⁴、1.29×10⁴、6.77×10⁴、0.07×10⁴和0.38×10⁴ t；优化城市交通管理对小型客车和摩托车的减排效果显著，2019年6种污染物减排量分别为0.04×10⁴、0.81×10⁴、0.38×10⁴、2.55×10⁴、0.05×10⁴和0.04×10⁴ t；淘汰高排放车辆对小型客车、轻型货车等的减排较明显，2019年6种污染物减排放量分别为0.13×10⁴、0.98×10⁴、0.34×10⁴、2.62×10⁴、0.01×10⁴和0.007×10⁴ t；推广清洁能源汽车的重点减排车型为出租车和公交车，虽然可有效减少PM_2.5、NO_x的排放，但VOCs却有小幅增加，2019年6种污染物减排放量分别为0.12×10⁴、0.62×10⁴、−0.13×10⁴、0.30×10⁴、0.004×10⁴和0.000 5×10⁴ t。

Characteristics of emissions from vehicles in Chengdu from 2010 to 2019 and evaluation of effectiveness of prevention and control measures

The effectiveness of emission reduction by four vehicle exhaust control measures in Chengdu is assessed in this study, using inventory method and comparing the emission reduction in 2019 to a baseline in 2010. Results show that the emissions have decreased in the past decade. The emissions of PM2.5, NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2 and NH3 were 0.27×104, 4.63×104, 1.70×104, 28.99×104, 0.21×104 and 0.45×104 t, respectively, distributed mainly in the center of Chengdu. Heavy trucks and small buses made highest contribution to the emission of PM2.5 and NOx, and VOCs, CO, SO2 and NH3, respectively. Tightening emission and fuel standards are found to be the most effective measure for emission reduction especially of small passenger cars, light duty trucks and buses, and the emission reductions of PM2.5, NOx, VOCs, CO, SO2 and NH3 in 2019 were 0.14×104, 2.27×104, 1.29×104, 6.77×104, 0.07×104 and 0.38×104 t, respectively. Optimizing urban traffic management showed a significant reduction effect on small passenger cars and motorcycles, and the emission reductions of the six pollutants in 2019 were 0.04×104, 0.81×104, 0.38×104, 2.55×104, 0.05×104 and 0.04×104 t, respectively. Eliminating high-emission vehicles played a significant role in reducing emissions from small passenger cars, light trucks, etc., and the emission reductions of six pollutants in 2019 were 0.13×104, 0.98×104, 0.34×104, 2.62×104, 0.01×104 and 0.007×104 t, respectively. Promoting clean energy vehicles showed a reduction effect on taxis and buses. Although this measure can effectively reduce PM2.5 and NOx emissions, the VOCs emissions increased slightly, and the emission reductions of six pollutants in 2019 were 0.12×104, 0.62×104, −0.13×104, 0.30×104, 0.004×104 and 0.0005×104 t, respectively.