岩口水库上游农村点源污染问题解析及解决策略

以岩口水库上游村庄为研究区域，分析了该区域农村存在的点源污染问题，并结合当地实际情况提出了可行的治理对策。实地调研发现：当地农村整体经济水平较好，水冲厕和淋浴设施配备齐全，自来水管网普及率达80%以上，但村民节、排水意识不强，长期以来形成的用水习惯导致“污水入塘，净水入网”的现象普遍存在；村内现状污水管网存在设施缺陷、雨水体系不健全和污水管道错接漏接等情况，导致晴天污水外渗，雨天雨水入网；强降雨天气条件下往往出现倒虹管排水不畅、检查井溢冒的现象，导致水库水质存在严重的安全隐患。考虑到上游村庄点源污染对水库水质的威胁，结合当地村民生活习惯和社会经济发展水平，从政策引导、管网运维和项目实施3个方面提出了解决农村点源污染问题的策略，以期为其他有类似农村点源污染问题的库区水质保护提供参考。

Analysis of and countermeasures for rural point source pollution in the upstream of Yankou Reservoir

This study investigated the current situations of point source pollution in rural areas in the upstream of Yankou Reservoir with feasible strategies customized to address the challenges encountered in water pollution. The field investigationshows that the overall economic level of the rural upstream of Yankou Reservoir is relatively high, the water closet and shower facilities are fully equipped, and the water supply provision rate is over 80%. However, villagers have a weak sense of water saving and proper drainage of domestic wastewater, leading to the widespread phenomenon of ‘sewage discharged into reservoirs, running drinking water discharged into the sewage pipe’. The current sewer network in the villages have facility defects, imperfect rainwater systems, and improper connections of sewage pipes, which lead to the leakage of sewage in sunny days and rainwater pouring into the sewer network in rainy days. The siphons are often poorly drained and the sewage inspection wells are overflowed under the conditions of heavy rainfall, imposing serious safety risks on the water quality of the Yankou Reservoir. As such, strategies of policy guidance, sewer network operation and maintenance, and project implementation to address the risks are proposed according tothe living habits of local villagers and the level of social and economic development.The proposed strategies could provide references for areas with similar rural point source pollution problems.