典型涂料制造企业VOCs排放量核算与排放特征分析

采集了上海地区8家不同类型的涂料制造企业中不同生产环节有组织排放的废气样本，分析其VOCs组分特征和活性VOCs物种，并应用3种实际排放量核算方法计算企业的VOCs年排放量，分析了其与排污许可排放量的关系。结果表明：1)涂料制造行业排放废气的特征组分为芳香烃、OVOCs、卤代烃，占全部VOCs质量浓度的56.2%~99.1%，乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、4-乙基甲苯、间/对二甲苯、甲苯、甲乙酮是涂料制造行业VOCs排放的典型物种；2)基于MIR值法的计算结果，芳香烃和OVOCs是涂料制造行业排放VOCs的主要活性组分，累计OFP贡献率达36.0%~99.8%，其中，4-乙基甲苯(52.1%)、氯乙烯(48.1%)、乙酸丁酯(47.9%)、乙酸乙酯(42.6%)、间/对二甲苯(41.3%)是各类涂料工艺废气中OFP贡献率最高的物质，除苯系物、乙酸酯类化合物外，氯乙烯、甲乙酮、四氢呋喃也是涂料制造过程中值得关注的活性物质；3)涂料制造企业车间的有组织废气VOCs排放量占全厂VOCs排放量的75.0%以上，其次是实验室废气，VOCs排放量为3.5%~16.8%。在VOCs实际排放量核算中，使用实测法的核算结果与物料衡算法接近，且计算简便，在正常运行时均低于许可排放限值；而产污系数法所核算数值较许可排放限值更高，在现阶段可作为一项惩罚性计算方法。

Emissions accounting and characteristics of volatile organic compounds in typical paint manufacturing enterprises

The organized waste gas samples of different production sections were collected from eight different types of paint manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai to analyze the emission characteristics and reactive species of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The VOCs emissions were accounted by three calculation methods and the results were compared with the permitted emission limits. Results show that the typical VOCs components emitted from paint manufacturing enterprises are aromatic hydrocarbon, oxygen VOCs, halogenated hydrocarbon, accounting for 56.2%~99.1% of total VOCs. Ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, 4-ethyl toluene, m-p-xylene, toluene, methyl ethyl ketone are characteristic VOCs species of the paint manufacturer. Based on the calculation results with the maximum increment reaction (MIR) method, aromatic hydrocarbon and OVOCs emissions from paint manufacturing are the main active components, which contribute to 36.0%~99.8% of ozone formation potential (OFP) values; 4-ethyl toluene (52.1%), vinyl chloride (48.1%), butyl acetate (47.9%), ethyl acetate (42.6%), m-p-xylene (41.3%) are the top 5 contributors for the total OFP in the waste gas of different paint manufacturer enterprises. In addition to benzene series and acetate compounds, vinyl chloride, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran are also active species worthy of attention in paint manufacturing. VOCs emissions from workshops account for more than75.0% of total VOCs emission of the paint manufacturing enterprises, followed by 3.5%~16.0% of VOCs from laboratories. In terms of the actual VOCs emission accounting, results by the measure approach are close to those of the material balance method. The accounting by the measure method is also simple and the values are all lower than the permitted emission limits under normal operation conditions. However, the values accounted by the pollution production coefficient method are larger than the permitted emission limits and can be used as a punitive calculation method at the present stage.