环境友好农业生产的生态补偿机制探索与实践

围绕中德技术合作＂中国华北地区集约化农业的环境战略＂项目实施过程中,为鼓励农民采用节水、节肥、节药环境友好方式生产安全优质设施蔬菜,减轻农业面源污染,保护农业生态资源与环境而开展的生态补偿的实践进行论述,结合项目的实践从补偿原则、补偿对象、补偿标准、补偿形式、补偿环节、补偿监管等方面进行了探讨。笔者认为,建立健全农业生态环境补偿制度符合世界贸易组织农业协议绿箱政策,有利于推动环境友好技术的应用。环境友好农业生产的生态补偿应以项目（政府）补贴为主导,以农民自愿为前提,以骨干农户、农民专业合作社为主要补偿对象,以技物结合为主要补偿形式,以兼顾生态、经济和社会效益为目标。

Exploration and Practice of Ecological Compensation Mechanism for Environmental-friendly Agricultural Production

Enclosing the executing processes of Sino-German technical cooperation project,with the aims of encouraging farmers to produce environmental-friendly facility vegetables by saving water,fertilizers and pesticides,alleviating agricultural diffused pollution,protecting agro-ecological resources and environment,this paper probes into the aspects of compensation principles,compensation objects,compensation standards,compensation forms,compensation links,compensation regulations and other aspects with the combination of project practice.Establishing and perfecting the compensation system of agro-ecological environment is consistent with WTO Agriculture Agreement Green Box policies,and helps to promote the application of environmental-friendly technology.The eco-compensation of environmental-friendly agricultural production should be dominant on the project（government） subsidies,under farms′ volunteer for premise,taking principal farmers and specialized farmer cooperatives for main compensation objects,adopting the compensation type of Combining Technique with Product,and with the combination of ecological,economical and social benefits for its target.