广西会仙岩溶湿地典型抗生素污染特征及生态风险评估

为确定会仙岩溶湿地不同介质中抗生素的污染特征及来源,利用液相色谱串联质谱联用仪分析了磺胺类(SAs)、氟喹诺酮类(FQs)和四环素类(TCs)三大类20种抗生素的含量.结果表明,研究区内水土介质监测的抗生素中共检出12种,检出浓度范围为n.d～106 ng·L~(-1),其中,甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)的浓度最高.各环境介质中,以养殖用水和地表河水中检出的抗生素种类相对较多,分别为10种和8种,溶潭水和土壤中则检出的抗生素种类较少.因子分析结果显示,会仙湿地水体中的典型抗生素来源可归为两类,一类以受外源污染为主,从而导致地表河水中磺胺氯达嗪(SCP)、磺胺嘧啶(SDZ)、磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)、诺氟沙星(NOR)、氧氟沙星(OFL)检出浓度较高,一类受湿地内养殖污染,从而造成水土介质中磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SMD)、甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)和金霉素(CTC)检出.水体中检出的抗生素主要受溶解氧(DO)影响,此外,甲氧苄氨嘧啶(TMP)、恩诺沙星(ENR)和强力霉素(DOX)与NH~+_4存在一定的协同污染关系.风险评估结果表明,恩诺沙星(ENR)处于高风险的范围内,磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)、诺氟沙星(NOR)和氧氟沙星(OFL)处于中等风险,中等风险的抗生素主要集中在地表河水中,高风险抗生素则在养殖用水中.整体来看,研究区水体中抗生素存在一定的风险.因此,针对这一现象应减少存在生态风险抗生素的使用,并对有潜在风险的抗生素加以防范.

Typical antibiotic pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of Huixian Karst wetland in Guangxi, China

In order to determine the pollution characteristics and sources of antibiotics in different media of Huixian Karst wetland, the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the contents of sulfonamides (SAs), fluoroquinolones (FQs), tetracyclines (TCs). The results showed that 12 of the 20 antibiotics were detected in the water and soil of the study area. The mass concentrations of the 12 antibiotics ranged from N.D to 106 ng·L^-1, among which the concentration of trimethoprim (TMP) was the highest. There were 10 and 8 kinds of antibiotics were detected in aquaculture water and surface water respectively, while less kinds of antibiotics were detected in solution pool water and soil. The factor analysis showed that the typical antibiotics in Huixian wetland water can be classified into two categories. One was the detection concentration of sulfachlordazine(SCP), sulfadiazine(SDZ), sulfamethoxazole(SMZ), norfloxacin(NOR) and ofloxacin(OFL) in surface river water caused mainly by exogenous pollution. The other one was the detection of sulfamethazine(SMD), trimethoprim(TMP) and chlortetracycline(CTC) in soil and water caused by aquaculturepollution in wetland. The antibiotics detected in water were mainly affected by dissolved oxygen (DO). In addition, there was a synergistic pollution relationship between trimethoprim (TMP), enrofloxacin (ENR), doxycycline (DOX) and NH₄⁺. The results of risk assessment showed that the enrofloxacin (ENR) was at high risk, while the sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), norfloxacin (NOR) and ofloxacin (OFL) were at moderate risk. The moderate-risk antibiotics were mainly concentrated in the surface river water, while the high-risk antibiotics were in the aquaculture water. Overall, there was a certain risk of antibiotics in the waters of the study area. Therefore, the use reduction of antibiotics with ecological risks and the precautions against antibiotics with potential risks should be taken into consideration.