基于不同毒性终点的壬基酚生态风险评价

NP（nonylphenol，壬基酚）作为一种具有雌激素效应的持久性有机污染物，可对水生态系统产生不可忽视的有害影响，并且随着生产及使用量的增加，NP在国内外水环境中被不同程度地检测出来，引起较大关注，因此有必要对其生态风险进行研究.通过综述部分淡水水体中NP的污染现状，采用物种敏感性分布法（SSD）和联合概率曲线法（JPC）对NP的生态风险进行分析；构建基于生长和发育、生物化学、繁殖和细胞毒性终点的物种敏感度分布曲线；基于4个毒性终点数据，采用联合概率曲线法评估国内外部分淡水水体中NP的生态风险.结果表明:①我国辽河、珠江和骆马湖的ρ（NP）均高于国内平均水平，且总体上我国ρ（NP）平均值为0.709 μg/L.②基于生长和发育、生物化学、繁殖和细胞毒性终点推导的HC₅（5%物种受损有害浓度）值分别为0.694、0.589、0.142和0.317 μg/L.③在所调查水体中，以生长和发育为毒性终点的生态风险相对较小，处于可接受水平；以繁殖、细胞和生物化学为毒性终点的生态风险较高，应采取相关措施保障水生生物的安全.因此，NP对水生生物繁殖的毒性较明显，应持续关注其长期危害. 

Ecological Risk Assessment of Nonylphenol based on Different Toxic Endpoints

Nonylphenol (NP), a major persistent organic pollutant with estrogen effect, has adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem. With the increase in production and use, NP has been detected at different levels in the domestic and foreign aquatic environment, causing great concern worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate its ecological risk. In this study, the current situation of NP pollution in some freshwater bodies was reviewed, and the ecological risk of NP was analyzed using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method and the joint probability curve (JPC) method. The SSD curves were constructed based on endpoints of growth and development, biochemistry, reproduction and cytotoxicity. Based on the four toxicity endpoint data, the JPC method was used to assess the ecological risk of NP in some freshwater bodies. The results showed that:(1) The average level of NP in the Liaohe River, the Zhujiang River and Luoma Lake were higher than the average level of domestic freshwater bodies, and the average exposure concentration of NP in China was 0.709 μg/L. (2) HC₅ values based on the endpoints of growth and development, biochemistry, reproduction and cytotoxicity were 0.694, 0.589, 0.142 and 0.317 μg/L, respectively. (3) In the investigated water bodies, the ecological risk based on the end point of growth and development was relatively small and at an acceptable level, while the ecological risk based on the end point of reproduction, cell and biochemistry was high, relevant measures should be taken to ensure the safety of aquatic species. Moreover, the toxicity of NP to reproduction of aquatic organism is obvious, and the long-term adverse effects of NP on aquatic species should be concerned continuously.