京津冀水源涵养生态服务供体区与受体区范围的划分

京津冀水资源问题已经严重制约区域经济发展，定量分析研究区水源涵养生态服务供受关系，有助于深刻理解区域上下游之间的生态联系，促进区域生态公平，实现区域社会持续健康发展.利用降水储量法、水量平衡法及水源涵养生态服务供体区与受体区划分方法，分析2000-2010年京津冀净水源涵养量空间格局，划分研究区水源涵养生态服务供体区和受体区范围.结果表明:①冀北燕山山区净水源涵养量最高，年均值为65.24~81.35 mm，其次是冀西太行山山区，年均值为46.47~61.28 mm；净水源涵养量负值区主要分布在东部沿海和大中小城市，年均值为-130.46~-152.39 mm.②水源涵养生态服务供体区占研究区面积的41.42%，单位面积（m2，下同）平均净供水量为0.03~0.07 m3；水源涵养生态服务平衡区面积占25.01%；水源涵养生态服务受体区面积占33.57%，单位面积平均净需水量为0.18~0.41 m3，是供体区供水能力的6倍左右.③从流域来看，滦河流域的承德市为天津市、秦皇岛市及唐山市供应水资源，年均供水总量为23.7×108 m3；永定河流域的张家口市为北京市供应水资源，年均供水总量为5.3×108 m3；大清河流域的保定市为北京市及天津市西南部供应水资源，年均供水总量为8.2×108 m3；但子牙河流域和漳卫河流域供水能力严重不足.研究显示，燕山山区和太行山山区为水源涵养生态服务供体区，东部沿海和大中小城市为主要水源涵养生态服务受体区，水源涵养生态服务供体区净水源涵养能力不能满足水源涵养生态服务受体区需水量，整个研究区供受关系严重失衡. 

Division of Donor and Receptor Areas of Ecological Services of Water Conservation in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

The economy of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region has been seriously restricted by water resources. Quantitative analysis of the donor-receptor relationship of water conservation is helpful for the understanding of the upper-lower ecological connection, promoting regional ecological equity and realizing sustainable and healthy development. Based on the precipitation reserve method, water balance method and the division of ecological donor area and receptor area, we analyzed the spatial pattern of the net water conservation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region from 2000 to 2010, and delineated the donor and receptor areas of water conservation respectively. The results showed that:(1) The Yanshan Mountain in northern Hebei Province has the highest capacity of net water conservation, with an annual average of 65.24-81.35 mm, followed by the Taihang Mountain in western Hebei Province, with an annual average of 46.47-61.28 mm; the negative net water conservation is mainly in the eastern coastal areas and cities, with an annual average of -130.46- -152.39 mm. (2) The water conservation ecological donor area accounts for 41.42% of the study area. The average net water supply is 0.03-0.07 m³. The balanced area accounts for 25.01% of the total area. The receptor area accounts for 33.57%, and the average net water demand is 0.18-0.41 m³. For per unit area of the water demand, the receptor area is about 6 times of the donor area. (3) For the individual basin, Chengde City in the Luanhe River Basin provides water resources for Tianjin City, Qinhuangdao City and Tangshan City, with an average annual supply of 23.7×10⁸ m³; Zhangjiakou City in the Yongding River Basin provides water resources for Beijing City, with an average annual water supply of 5.3×10⁸ m³; Baoding City in the Daqing River Basin provides water resources for Beijing City and southwestern Tianjin City, with an average annual supply of 8.2×10⁸ m³. The water supply capacities in the Ziya River Basin and the Zhangwei River Basin are seriously insufficient. The Yanshan Mountain and Taihang Mountain are the donor areas of water conservation, the eastern coastal areas and cities are the main receptor areas. The entire study area is seriously imbalanced on the donor-receptor relationship.