放射性核素大气扩散数值模拟研究综述

放射性核素大气扩散模式可以模拟放射性核素在不同尺度下的大气输送与扩散,为核电站选址、核事故应急提供科学依据.本文总结了目前广泛用于模拟核素扩散的多种模式,详细比较了各模式对放射性核素的衰变、输送和扩散、干/湿沉降和重力沉降以及辐射剂量等处理方法,总结归纳各个模式模拟的差异性.最后,对放射性核素大气扩散模式发展前景做了展望.对有针对性地提高模式模拟能力以及明确模式的发展方向具有重要的意义.

A review of the numerical simulations of the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides

The radionuclide numerical models are applied to predict the advection and diffusion of radionuclides in the atmosphere at different scales, based on which decisions are made on site selection for nuclear power plants as well as emergency response to a nuclear accident. This paper summarizes the various numerical models used to predict and simulate the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides with a thorough comparison of decay processes, the advection and diffusion, dry/wet deposition process and the radiation exposure in different models. Three different types of the radionuclide numerical models are studied, e.g., Gaussian, Lagrangian and Eulerian, and their limitations and advantages are categorized. Finally, prospect for future development of the models is concluded. This review is informative in improving the numerical models for various applications.